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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations
06:34

Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations

Published on: July 1, 2015

The temporal priority principle: at what age does this develop?

Michelle L Rankin1, Teresa McCormack

  • 1School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast Belfast, Country Antrim, Northern Ireland.

Frontiers in Psychology
|May 10, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Children

Keywords:
causal reasoningdevelopmenttime

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Development
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Causal Reasoning

Background:

  • The temporal priority principle posits that causes must precede effects.
  • Children's causal reasoning is assumed to follow this principle early in development.
  • Previous research on children's understanding of temporal priority yielded inconsistent findings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate 3- and 4-year-old children's understanding of the temporal priority principle.
  • To examine age-related changes in causal reasoning.
  • To assess the impact of effect visibility on performance.

Main Methods:

  • 100 children (50 3-year-olds, 50 4-year-olds) participated.
  • Children judged which of two events (A or B) caused an effect (E).
  • Event visibility was manipulated.

Main Results:

  • Both age groups performed above chance, with performance improving with age.
  • The visibility of the effect did not significantly impact performance.
  • No recency effect was observed in younger children's choices.

Conclusions:

  • Children's grasp of the temporal priority principle develops between ages 3 and 4.
  • Performance improves with age, suggesting a developmental progression in causal reasoning.
  • Factors like effect visibility and recency effects do not appear to significantly influence this developmental trajectory.