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Related Concept Videos

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
Vaccines01:21

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...
Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Experimental Infection with Listeria monocytogenes as a Model for Studying Host Interferon-&#947; Responses
10:10

Experimental Infection with Listeria monocytogenes as a Model for Studying Host Interferon-γ Responses

Published on: November 16, 2016

Live-attenuated Listeria-based immunotherapy.

John Rothman1, Yvonne Paterson

  • 1Advaxis Inc., 305 College Road East, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA. john.rothman@comcast.net

Expert Review of Vaccines
|May 11, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Listeria monocytogenes immunotherapy shows promise for cancer treatment by stimulating the immune system and reducing tumor immunosuppression. Early clinical trials demonstrate good tolerability and efficacy, supporting further development of this novel approach.

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Intralymphatic Immunotherapy and Vaccination in Mice

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 11, 2026

Experimental Infection with Listeria monocytogenes as a Model for Studying Host Interferon-&#947; Responses
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Published on: November 16, 2016

Measuring Bacterial Load and Immune Responses in Mice Infected with Listeria monocytogenes
12:50

Measuring Bacterial Load and Immune Responses in Mice Infected with Listeria monocytogenes

Published on: August 9, 2011

Intralymphatic Immunotherapy and Vaccination in Mice
07:33

Intralymphatic Immunotherapy and Vaccination in Mice

Published on: February 2, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) is a well-established model for studying host-disease immunology.
  • Extensive research has elucidated the intricate immune responses to L. monocytogenes infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current status of L. monocytogenes as a cancer immunotherapeutic agent.
  • To explore the complex immune mechanisms underlying L. monocytogenes immunotherapy for cancer treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing attenuated L. monocytogenes strains as vectors for tumor-associated antigen delivery.
  • Investigating the stimulation of innate and cell-mediated adaptive immunity.
  • Analyzing the reduction of immunosuppressive factors within the tumor microenvironment.

Main Results:

  • L. monocytogenes immunotherapy activates multiple immune pathways, including innate and adaptive immunity.
  • It also promotes myeloid hematopoiesis and vascular changes facilitating immune cell migration.
  • Preliminary clinical data show favorable tolerability and significant efficacy signals for L. monocytogenes-based cancer vaccines.

Conclusions:

  • Attenuated L. monocytogenes strains are a promising platform for cancer immunotherapy.
  • The multifaceted immune-stimulating properties of L. monocytogenes contribute to its therapeutic potential.
  • Further clinical development is warranted based on encouraging preliminary results.