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Related Concept Videos

Mechanical Ventilation II: Invasive Ventilation01:23

Mechanical Ventilation II: Invasive Ventilation

Ventilators are essential medical equipment used to aid patients with respiratory difficulties. Their primary function is to assist or replace spontaneous breathing by providing mechanical ventilation. There are two general classes of mechanical ventilators: negative-pressure and positive-pressure ventilators.
Negative-Pressure Ventilators
Negative-pressure ventilators create a vacuum around the chest or body to draw air into the lungs, simulating breathing. This method does not require an...
Ventilatory Modes01:14

Ventilatory Modes

Mechanical ventilators are life-saving devices that support or replace spontaneous breathing. They deliver breaths to patients through varying methods known as ventilator modes. Understanding these modes is critical for healthcare providers managing patients with respiratory failure.
There are three ventilatory modes: full support, partial support, and spontaneous. These are described below.
Full Support Modes
Full support modes include controlled mechanical ventilation, continuous mandatory...
Mechanical Ventilation I: Indication and Settings01:29

Mechanical Ventilation I: Indication and Settings

Mechanical ventilation is a life-saving technique for managing acute respiratory failure and other respiratory complications. The process involves using a machine known as a ventilator to supply oxygen to the lungs and assist in removing carbon dioxide. It serves as a bridge to long-term mechanical ventilation or a temporary measure until ventilatory support is discontinued. The ventilator can maintain this function for a prolonged period, providing critical support for patients until they can...
Factors Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation01:19

Factors Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation

Besides the pressure difference between the external environment and the lungs, the airflow rate and ease of pulmonary ventilation are also influenced by three other factors: surface tension of the fluid in the alveoli, compliance of the lungs, and airway resistance.
Alveolar Surface Tension
The alveolar fluid lines the luminal surface of the alveoli and exerts a force called surface tension. This force is caused by the polar water molecules in the liquid being more strongly attracted to each...
Assessment of Ventilation I: Respiratory Rate01:20

Assessment of Ventilation I: Respiratory Rate

Assessment of Ventilation
A Ventilation assessment is critical for monitoring a patient's health status. Respiration, one of the most accessible vital signs, provides insights into the function of numerous body systems and can indicate serious health issues, such as brainstem injuries from head trauma.
Critical Guidelines for Assessing Ventilation:
Mechanical Ventilation III: Noninvasive Ventilation01:23

Mechanical Ventilation III: Noninvasive Ventilation

Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation (NIPPV), continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), and bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) are essential methods in respiratory care. These ventilation techniques offer unique benefits for patients with various respiratory conditions, providing adequate support without requiring intubation. Let's explore how each method is crucial in improving patient outcomes and enhancing respiratory therapy.
Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation (NIPPV)

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Ex Vivo Porcine Experimental Model for Studying and Teaching Lung Mechanics
12:09

Ex Vivo Porcine Experimental Model for Studying and Teaching Lung Mechanics

Published on: April 19, 2024

Bench performance of ventilators during simulated paediatric ventilation.

M A J Park1, R C Freebairn, C D Gomersall

  • 1Intensive Care Unit, Hawke's Bay Hospital Soldiers' Memorial, Hastings, New Zealand.

Anaesthesia and Intensive Care
|May 11, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Ventilator accuracy in pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is critical. This study found significant discrepancies in delivered tidal volumes and pressure-controlled ventilation, especially with decreased lung compliance.

Keywords:
ARDS: paediatricventilation: paediatric simulationventilators: bench testing

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Last Updated: May 11, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Respiratory Medicine
  • Critical Care

Background:

  • Accurate mechanical ventilation is essential for managing pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
  • Ventilator performance can be affected by varying lung mechanics, particularly decreased compliance common in ARDS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the accuracy and capabilities of different mechanical ventilators.
  • To evaluate ventilator performance using a pediatric ARDS lung model across various settings.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) lung model with varying compliance and respiratory rate settings.
  • Assessed accuracy in three key areas: tidal volume and FiO2, pressure control, and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP).
  • Compared ventilator-set parameters against measured values from the test lung and the ventilator itself.

Main Results:

  • No ventilators consistently delivered tidal volumes within 1 ml/kg of the set target (8 ml/kg); delivered volumes ranged from 3.6-11.4 ml/kg.
  • Ventilator-measured volumes showed even greater variability (4.1-20.6 ml/kg).
  • Most ventilators maintained pressure within 20% of set values, but PEEP accuracy varied, with some exceeding 20% deviation.

Conclusions:

  • Ventilator performance, particularly in delivering and measuring tidal volumes and PEEP, is inconsistent, especially in pediatric patients with decreased lung compliance.
  • Highlights potential limitations of current ventilators in accurately managing critical respiratory parameters in challenging pediatric cases.