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From lightning during thunderstorms to electronic devices, the phenomenon of electromagnetism is all around us. The electromagnetic force is one of the four fundamental forces of nature. It has been known to humanity in various forms for thousands of years. For example, the ancient Greek philosopher Thales of Miletus recorded his experiments on static electricity using amber and fur in the sixth century BC.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 15, 2026

Electric and Magnetic Field Devices for Stimulation of Biological Tissues
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Physical properties of electricity.

Angus J M Thomson1

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester, UK. angus.thomson@worcsacute.nhs.uk

Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology
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PubMed
Summary

Electricity is the flow of electrons, measured in amps, driven by voltage and opposed by resistance. This electron flow generates useful byproducts like heat and light, and can also produce electromagnetic effects.

Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Electrical Engineering

Background:

  • Electricity is fundamentally the movement of electrons through conductive materials.
  • The behavior of electrical current is governed by fundamental physical principles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explain the basic principles of electrical current flow.
  • To describe the relationship between current, voltage, and resistance.
  • To highlight the practical applications and effects of electron flow.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual explanation of electron flow in a circuit.
  • Definition of key electrical units: amps (current), volts (voltage), and ohms (resistance).

Main Results:

  • Current (amps) is directly proportional to voltage (volts) and inversely proportional to resistance (ohms).

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  • Electron flow in circuits can be harnessed to produce heat and light.
  • The movement of electrons can induce electromagnetic effects.

    • Conclusions:

    • Understanding the relationship between current, voltage, and resistance is crucial for electrical applications.
    • Electrical current has diverse practical applications, including heat and light generation.
    • The flow of electrons has broader physical implications, such as electromagnetic effects.