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Race-related differences among elderly urban residents: a cohort study, 1975-1984
A B Ford1, M R Haug, P K Jones
1Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Ohio.
Journal of Gerontology
|July 1, 1990
Summary
This study examined health changes in aging urban Black and White residents over nine years. Despite social disadvantages, older Black adults experienced lower mortality and institutionalization, but reported poorer health and higher rates of certain conditions.
Area of Science:
- Gerontology
- Public Health
- Sociology
Background:
- Aging populations present unique health and socioeconomic challenges.
- Understanding race-related disparities in health outcomes among older adults is crucial.
- Previous research suggests a mortality crossover effect in Black and White populations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine race-related changes in health, function, and socioeconomic status among urban older adults over nine years.
- To compare institutionalization and mortality rates between Black and White elderly individuals.
- To identify predictors of mortality and their racial differences.
Main Methods:
- A population-based cohort of 1,598 urban residents aged 65+ was studied in 1975.
- 645 survivors were re-interviewed in 1984, allowing for longitudinal analysis.
- Race-specific health, functional status, socioeconomic factors, institutionalization, and mortality were assessed.
Main Results:
- Aging urban Black adults faced persistent social disadvantages in education and income.
- After age 74, Black individuals showed potentially lower mortality and institutionalization rates.
- Black older adults self-rated their health and mental health lower, and had higher incidence of diabetes, hypertension, and glaucoma.
- White elderly individuals were more likely to be dependent in activities of daily living.
- Mortality predictors were identified but did not differ by race.
Conclusions:
- Lower institutionalization rates in older Black adults may be linked to distinct living patterns, poverty, and a higher proportion of males.
- Despite some health challenges and lower self-rated health, older Black adults may experience a mortality crossover effect.
- Findings highlight the complex interplay of race, socioeconomic status, and health outcomes in aging urban populations.