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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity01:21

Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity

The human immune system is a complex defense mechanism that protects the body from harmful pathogens and foreign substances. It comprises two crucial components: innate and adaptive immunity.
Innate immunity is the body's natural, nonspecific defense system that acts quickly to protect against pathogens. It incorporates physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes and cellular elements such as phagocytes and natural killer cells. This part of our immune system provides an immediate,...
Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
What is the Immune System?01:38

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Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

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Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.

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Innate receptors for adaptive immunity.

Marie-Cécile Michallet1, Giorgia Rota, Kendle Maslowski

  • 1Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), INSERM U1111 - CNRS UMR5308, Université de Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, 21 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69365 Lyon Cedex 07, France.

Current Opinion in Microbiology
|May 11, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) sense danger signals for innate immunity. This review explores PRRs

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are key sensors for innate immune cells, detecting microbial and host-derived stress signals.
  • Emerging evidence shows PRRs are also expressed and functional in adaptive immune cells, including B cells and T lymphocytes.
  • This expression grants lymphocytes innate sensing capabilities, influencing adaptive immune responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the intrinsic functions of Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) within B and T lymphocytes.
  • To highlight the developing understanding of PRR roles in adaptive immunity.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on PRRs in adaptive immune cells.
  • Analysis of studies detailing PRR expression and functional roles in B and T cells.
  • Synthesis of findings on PRR involvement in adaptive immune pathways, including antigen presentation.

Main Results:

  • Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are expressed in B cells and contribute to humoral immune responses.
  • Certain NOD-like receptors (NLRs) are highly expressed in adaptive immune cells.
  • These NLRs play roles in adaptive immune system pathways, such as regulating antigen presentation.

Conclusions:

  • PRRs possess intrinsic functions within B and T lymphocytes, extending beyond their known roles in innate immunity.
  • The study of PRRs in adaptive immune cells represents a significant and evolving area of immunology.
  • Understanding these PRR functions is crucial for comprehending the full scope of immune system regulation.