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Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in a Ghanaian child
C I Segbefia1, A Osei-Wusu, W Obeng
1University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana. csegbefia@gmail.com
Insights
A nine-month-old infant in Ghana was diagnosed with haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). Despite initial treatment, the infant succumbed to the disease, highlighting the critical need for early detection of this rare condition.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Hematology
- Immunology
Background:
- Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare, life-threatening hyperinflammatory syndrome.
- Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are crucial for improving outcomes in HLH.
Observation:
- A previously healthy nine-month-old infant presented with prolonged fever, hepatosplenomegaly, and pancytopenia.
- The infant was diagnosed with HLH during hospitalization.
Findings:
- Initial treatment with dexamethasone showed a positive response.
- The patient unfortunately died less than two months after the HLH diagnosis.
Implications:
- This case represents the first reported instance of HLH in Ghana.
- A high index of suspicion for HLH is essential in severely ill children, particularly in regions with limited diagnostic resources.
- Increased awareness and timely intervention are critical for managing HLH and reducing its significant mortality rate.
Abstract:
We report a case of a previously well nine-month-old infant who presented with prolonged fever, hepatosplenomegaly and pancytopenia. A diagnosis of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) was made during the course of hospital admission. There was good initial response to dexamethasone but the patient died less than two months after diagnosis. This is the first report of HLH from Ghana. The disease has a significant mortality rate if untreated and a high index of suspicion is required in all severely ill children.