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Related Concept Videos

Gonadal and Placental Hormones01:24

Gonadal and Placental Hormones

The gonads, namely the testes in males and the ovaries in females, are pivotal in producing gonadal hormones that orchestrate the intricate processes of sexual development and reproduction.
In males, testosterone is the primary gonadal androgen. It plays a central role in the maturation of male reproductive organs — the penis and testes. Additionally, testosterone is instrumental in the development of secondary sexual characteristics — a deep voice as well as facial and pubic hair growth — and...
Ovarian Cycle01:27

Ovarian Cycle

The menstrual cycle includes a critical component known as the ovarian cycle, which undergoes two main phases each month—the follicular phase and the luteal phase. The follicular phase is variable and averaging around 14 days. Ovulation, triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH), marks the transition between the two phases. The second phase, the luteal phase, is relatively consistent, lasting approximately 14 days, and is marked by the activity of the corpus luteum. While a cycle length...
Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle01:22

Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle

The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH release.
Hormonal Regulation01:33

Hormonal Regulation

The renin-aldosterone system is an endocrine system which guides the renal absorption of water and electrolytes, thus managing blood pressure and osmoregulation. Activation of the system begins in the kidneys with a small cluster of cells adjacent to the afferent and efferent blood vessels of the renal corpuscle. As the nephrons are filtering blood, juxtaglomerular cells monitor blood pressure. If they detect a decrease in pressure, they release the hormone renin into the bloodstream.
Hormonal Regulation01:40

Hormonal Regulation

Hormones regulate a significant portion of digestion through activation of the neuroendocrine system. The neuroendocrine system of digestion contains many different hormones all with multiple functions that are both, directly and indirectly, involved in digestion.
Major Hormones and Their Functions01:27

Major Hormones and Their Functions

Hormones, the biochemical messengers produced by endocrine glands, are pivotal in regulating bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. Each hormone's balance is crucial; imbalances can lead to significant physiological disruptions. Major hormones include oxytocin, cortisol, epinephrine, estrogen, testosterone, thyroxine, growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon.
Oxytocin, produced in the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland, plays a role in social bonding, childbirth, and lactation.

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The 4-vessel Sampling Approach to Integrative Studies of Human Placental Physiology In Vivo
12:17

The 4-vessel Sampling Approach to Integrative Studies of Human Placental Physiology In Vivo

Published on: August 2, 2017

Hormones in pregnancy.

Pratap Kumar1, Navneet Magon

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India.

Nigerian Medical Journal : Journal of the Nigeria Medical Association
|May 11, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hormonal changes, particularly progesterone and estrogen, are crucial for maintaining pregnancy. Progestogen use can prevent preterm labor and improve outcomes in assisted reproduction techniques.

Keywords:
Oestrogenhormonesprogesteronethyroid

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Endocrinology
  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine
  • Immunology of Pregnancy

Background:

  • Pregnancy involves significant endocrine and metabolic adaptations between mother and fetus.
  • Hormones like progesterone and estrogen play critical roles in maintaining pregnancy.
  • Understanding these hormonal influences is key to managing pregnancy complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the endocrine and metabolic changes during human pregnancy.
  • To review the role of progesterone and estrogen in pregnancy maintenance.
  • To explore the controversies and applications of progestogen use in pregnancy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies indexed in PubMed and Scopus.
  • Analysis of hormonal roles in pregnancy, including cytokine modulation.
  • Examination of the impact of hormonal supplementation and thyroid disorders on pregnancy outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Progesterone stimulates Th2 and reduces Th1 cytokines, aiding pregnancy maintenance.
  • Supportive care and prophylactic hormonal supplementation improve pregnancy outcomes, especially in assisted reproduction.
  • Progestogen administration can prevent preterm labor, with administration route impacting safety and efficacy.
  • Thyroid disorders significantly affect pregnancy outcomes and require management.

Conclusions:

  • Hormonal management, particularly with progestogens, is vital for successful pregnancy outcomes.
  • Early supportive care and appropriate hormonal supplementation enhance pregnancy success rates.
  • Effective management of thyroid disorders is essential for a healthy pregnancy.