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Related Concept Videos

Focusing of Light in the Eye01:16

Focusing of Light in the Eye

Light rays enter the eye through the cornea, a transparent dome-shaped tissue that is the eye's outermost layer. The cornea bends or refracts, light rays traveling to the pupil. The shape of the cornea determines how much of the light is bent and whether the image will be focused correctly on the retina at the back of the eye. Once the light has passed through both refraction layers, it converges into a single focal point onto a small area. This is where photoreceptors start transforming...

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Inducement and Evaluation of a Murine Model of Experimental Myopia
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Myopia and international educational performance.

Ian G Morgan1, Kathryn A Rose

  • 1Research School of Biology, ARC Centre of Excellence in Vision Science, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia. ian.morgan@anu.edu.au

Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics : the Journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)
|May 14, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High myopia prevalence in East Asian countries correlates with high educational performance and extensive after-school tutoring. Conversely, low myopia prevalence is linked to high performance with minimal tutoring, suggesting reduced educational load may prevent myopia.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology and Public Health
  • Educational Psychology
  • International Comparative Education

Background:

  • Myopia prevalence varies globally, with some regions exhibiting significantly higher rates.
  • Educational performance is a key metric in international assessments like PISA.
  • Engagement in supplementary education, such as after-school tutorials, is common in many educational systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between myopia prevalence, academic achievement, and participation in after-school tutorial classes.
  • To explore potential environmental factors related to educational demands that may influence myopia development.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Program in Secondary Assessment (PISA) 2009 for 15-year-olds across 65 jurisdictions.
  • Identified locations with high (>70%) and low (<40%) myopia prevalence through a systematic literature search.
  • Correlated myopia prevalence data with PISA educational performance and after-school tutorial engagement metrics.

Main Results:

  • Six high-myopia prevalence locations (Shanghai-China, Hong Kong-China, Taiwan, Singapore, Japan, South Korea) were in the top quartile for educational performance.
  • These high-myopia locations also showed high engagement in after-school tutorials.
  • Locations with low myopia prevalence (e.g., Australia, Finland) also achieved high educational performance but with minimal tutorial engagement.

Conclusions:

  • High educational outcomes can be achieved without extensive after-school tutoring.
  • High educational loads, indicated by extensive tutorial use, are associated with higher myopia prevalence.
  • Reducing educational loads, including after-school activities, may help prevent myopia, potentially by increasing outdoor time.