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Related Concept Videos

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
10:02

Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Published on: March 12, 2020

Identifying a consistent pattern of neural function in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analysis.

H McCarthy1, N Skokauskas1, T Frodl1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Integrated Neuroimaging, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland.

Psychological Medicine
|May 14, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) shows consistent frontal lobe deficits in neuroimaging studies. These brain differences may be influenced by treatment, ADHD subtype, and IQ, highlighting the need for careful study design.

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Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging
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Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
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Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

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Using Brain Activation (nir-HEG/Q-EEG) and Execution Measures (CPTs) in a ADHD Assessment Protocol
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Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging
12:21

Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Published on: September 12, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Neurobiological basis of ADHD remains unclear.
  • Task-based fMRI studies show heterogeneous brain activation in ADHD.
  • Need for consistent neural dysfunction patterns in ADHD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a meta-analysis of fMRI studies on ADHD.
  • Identify consistent neural dysfunction patterns in ADHD using Go/no-go, Stop, and N-back tasks.

Main Methods:

  • Meta-analysis of 20 fMRI studies (334 ADHD patients, 372 controls).
  • Utilized Signed Differential Mapping for meta-analysis.
  • Meta-regression examined effects of methylphenidate (MPH), wash-out period, ADHD subtype, age, and IQ.

Main Results:

  • Reduced frontal lobe activity in ADHD patients compared to controls across tasks.
  • Treatment exposure and wash-out duration correlated with medial frontal cortex activation.
  • ADHD subtype and IQ differences linked to specific frontal and caudate nucleus activity.

Conclusions:

  • Consistent frontal deficits suggest shared cognitive control strategies in ADHD.
  • fMRI findings may reflect treatment normalization effects.
  • Future studies require segregated analysis of sample characteristics.