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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance02:40

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance

Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
Cancer stem cells are thought to originate from tissue-specific normal stem cells or progenitor cells. The normal stem cells usually reside in...
Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Analysis of Human T Cell Activity in an Allogeneic Co-Culture Setting of Pre-Treated Tumor Cells
09:04

Analysis of Human T Cell Activity in an Allogeneic Co-Culture Setting of Pre-Treated Tumor Cells

Published on: March 7, 2025

Tumour heterogeneity and immune-modulation.

Mariam Jamal-Hanjani1, Eirini Thanopoulou, Karl S Peggs

  • 1Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute, London WC2A 3LY, UK.

Current Opinion in Pharmacology
|May 14, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Intratumour heterogeneity (ITH) drives cancer treatment resistance but also offers new therapeutic avenues via neo-antigens. Longitudinal studies are crucial to understand tumor evolution and develop effective combination therapies.

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Last Updated: May 11, 2026

Analysis of Human T Cell Activity in an Allogeneic Co-Culture Setting of Pre-Treated Tumor Cells
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Published on: March 7, 2025

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Heterogeneity Mapping of Protein Expression in Tumors using Quantitative Immunofluorescence
07:54

Heterogeneity Mapping of Protein Expression in Tumors using Quantitative Immunofluorescence

Published on: October 25, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Genomics
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Recent sequencing advances reveal significant intratumour heterogeneity (ITH) in primary and metastatic cancers.
  • ITH is increasingly linked to therapeutic resistance, impacting cancer diagnosis and treatment outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the dual role of ITH in cancer treatment, as both a challenge and an opportunity.
  • To highlight the need for longitudinal genomic studies to understand tumor evolution and immune response.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent advances in sequencing technologies.
  • Analysis of the link between genetic diversity within tumors and therapeutic resistance.
  • Exploration of ITH's potential in generating neo-antigens for immunotherapy.

Main Results:

  • Tumor genetic diversity (ITH) can limit targeted therapy efficacy.
  • ITH may create neo-antigens, enabling immune system targeting through immunomodulatory therapies.

Conclusions:

  • Longitudinal genomic studies are essential to track tumor clonal architecture and immune response over time and through therapy.
  • Understanding tumor evolutionary dynamics is key to overcoming drug resistance and developing novel combination therapeutic strategies.