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Prosopagnosia

Prosopagnosia

Prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, is the inability to recognize faces. In severe cases, individuals with prosopagnosia may not recognize close family members, including parents and spouses, by their faces. For instance, someone with prosopagnosia might walk past their child in a crowd, only realizing their mistake upon noticing their child's distinctive backpack or favorite jacket. Prosopagnosia specifically impairs facial recognition, while the recognition of other objects or...

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Anterior High-Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography in the Diagnosis and Therapeutic Monitoring of Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia

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Orbital myeloid sarcoma presenting as massive proptosis.

Veronique Dinand¹, Satya Prakash Yadav, Ashok Kumar Grover

¹Pediatric Hematology Oncology & BMT Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Rajender Nagar, New Delhi, India.

Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Therapy

|May 14, 2013

Summary

A pediatric case of proptosis was diagnosed as a rare myeloid sarcoma mimicking orbital inflammation. Prompt chemotherapy led to complete remission, highlighting the importance of accurate immunohistochemistry for diagnosis.

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Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Pediatric Oncology
Hematology

Background:

Orbital masses in children can present diagnostic challenges.
Retro-bulbar masses require thorough histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation.

Observation:

A 10-year-old boy presented with 8 months of right proptosis, corneal haze, and a non-reactive pupil.
Initial investigations suggested non-specific inflammation, but PET-CT revealed enlarged lymph nodes.
Repeat biopsy of the retro-bulbar mass showed atypical cells with myeloid markers.

Findings:

Immunohistochemistry confirmed myeloid sarcoma with myeloperoxidase, CD43, and CD99 positivity.
Bone marrow, aspirate/biopsy, and cerebrospinal fluid were negative for acute myeloid leukemia.
The patient achieved complete remission after chemotherapy.

Implications:

This case underscores the importance of considering myeloid sarcoma in the differential diagnosis of pediatric orbital masses.
Accurate immunohistochemical analysis is crucial for distinguishing neoplastic processes from inflammatory conditions.
Early diagnosis and treatment of myeloid sarcoma can lead to favorable outcomes in pediatric patients.