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Purification and Expansion of Mouse Invariant Natural Killer T Cells for in vitro and in vivo Studies

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Teleost T and NK cell immunity.

Uwe Fischer¹, Erling Olaf Koppang, Teruyuki Nakanishi

¹Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Infectology, Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany. uwe.fischer@fli.bund.de

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

|May 14, 2013

Summary

Fish immune systems use innate and adaptive responses, including T and Natural Killer (NK) cells, to distinguish self from non-self and eliminate pathogens. This review details advancements in understanding these fish immune cells for vaccination strategies.

Keywords:

Immunity NK cells T cells Teleosts Vaccination

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Fish Biology
Cellular and Molecular Biology

Background:

The immune system distinguishes self from non-self to maintain homeostasis against foreign invaders.
Pathogens and altered cells are recognized via molecular patterns (PAMPs/DAMPs), MHC molecules, or peptide presentation.
Innate immune cells like macrophages and Natural Killer (NK) cells, and adaptive cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), evolved to eliminate threats.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent developments in T and NK cell responses in fish.
To focus on economically important and model fish species.
To discuss these findings in the context of vaccination.

Main Methods:

Cloning of genes encoding MHC class I and II, TCR, CD8, and CD4 in fish species.
Development of antibodies for studying protein expression.
Establishment of functional assays for innate and adaptive lymphocyte responses.

Main Results:

Homologues of NK cells (non-specific cytotoxic cells and NK-like cells) are present in fish.
Mechanisms of adaptive cell-mediated cytotoxicity (CMC) involving T cell receptor (TCR) and MHC class I/II pathways are conserved.
Genetic and protein expression studies have advanced the understanding of fish immune components.

Conclusions:

Significant progress has been made in characterizing fish T and NK cell responses.
The study of fish immunity is crucial for developing effective vaccination strategies.
Further development of functional assays is needed to fully elucidate fish immune mechanisms.