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FAM190A deficiency creates a cell division defect

Kalpesh Patel1, Francesca Scrimieri, Soma Ghosh

  • 1Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA.

The American Journal of Pathology
|May 14, 2013
PubMed

Insights

The FAM190A gene, often deleted in cancer, is crucial for normal cell division. Its disruption causes defects in mitosis and multinuclearity, contributing to cancer

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Genetics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • FAM190A (alias CCSER1) is located at a common genomic deletion site in human cancers.
  • FAM190A transcripts frequently exhibit in-frame deletions of conserved exons in various cancers.
  • The precise function of FAM190A in cellular processes remained largely unknown prior to this study.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the function of FAM190A in cell division and its potential role in cancer.
  • To investigate the consequences of FAM190A alterations on mitosis and multinuclearity.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of FAM190A gene deletions in pancreatic cancer.
  • Experimental knockdown of FAM190A expression using shRNA.
  • Time-lapse microscopy to observe cell division.
  • Immunofluorescence and immunoblot assays for protein localization and detection.
  • Co-immunoprecipitation to identify interacting proteins.

Main Results:

  • FAM190A knockdown induced focal cytokinesis defects, multipolar mitosis, and multinuclearity.
  • FAM190A localizes to the gamma-tubulin ring complex during early mitosis and the midbody during cytokinesis.
  • FAM190A interacts with EXOC1 and Ndel1, proteins involved in cytoskeletal organization and cell division.
  • FAM190A protein levels peak during M-phase, with phosphorylated forms accumulating before cytokinesis.

Conclusions:

  • FAM190A is essential for normal mitosis and cytokinesis.
  • Disruptions in FAM190A, including deletions and mutations, can lead to mitotic dysregulation and multinuclearity in cancer.
  • FAM190A alterations may contribute to chromosomal instability, a hallmark of cancer.

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