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Related Concept Videos

The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Goiter01:27

Goiter

Goiter refers to an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland that may appear as a diffuse goiter (uniform enlargement) or nodular (single or multiple nodules). Functionally, it is classified as nontoxic (normal/low hormone levels) or toxic (excess hormone production).PathophysiologyDiffuse thyroid enlargement typically results from prolonged stimulation by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) or TSH-like agents, commonly seen in hypothyroidism or iodine deficiency. In contrast, in hyperthyroid...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...

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An interesting case of Rathke's cleft cyst presenting as bilateral cryptorchidism.

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Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach for Thyroid Lobectomy
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Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach for Thyroid Lobectomy

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Ectopic thyroid in presumed thyroglossal duct cyst.

Babulreddy Hanmayyagari1, Mounika Guntaka, Vinay Kumar Ravilala

  • 1Department of Endocrinology, ESI Hospital, Sanathnagar, India.

Indian Pediatrics
|May 14, 2013
PubMed
Summary

A midline neck mass in an 8-year-old was initially presumed to be a thyroglossal duct cyst. Diagnostic imaging revealed it was the only functioning thyroid tissue, preventing unnecessary surgery.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Diagnostic Imaging
  • Surgical Oncology

Background:

  • A thyroglossal duct cyst is a common congenital anomaly presenting as a midline neck mass.
  • Surgical excision is the standard treatment for thyroglossal duct cysts.
  • Accurate preoperative diagnosis is crucial to avoid unnecessary surgical interventions.

Observation:

  • An 8-year-old female presented with a 7-year history of a midline neck mass that recently enlarged.
  • Clinical suspicion favored a thyroglossal duct cyst, with surgery planned.
  • Preoperative evaluation revealed hypothyroidism, necessitating further investigation.

Findings:

  • A technetium-99m thyroid scan identified the midline mass as the sole functioning thyroid tissue.
  • Ultrasonography confirmed the absence of thyroid tissue in the normal anatomical location.

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Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach for Thyroid Lobectomy
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"Sun's Seven-Step Technique" for Endoscopic En-Bloc Resection of Thyroid Cancer via the Chest-Breast Approach
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  • The patient was diagnosed with ectopic thyroid tissue, not a thyroglossal duct cyst.

    • Implications:

    • This case highlights the importance of thorough preoperative evaluation for midline neck masses.
    • Diagnostic imaging, including thyroid scans and ultrasonography, is essential in differentiating congenital anomalies from ectopic thyroid tissue.
    • Avoiding surgery in cases of ectopic thyroid tissue prevents complications and preserves thyroid function.