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Related Concept Videos

Centrosome Duplication02:25

Centrosome Duplication

The primary microtubule organizing center (MTOC) in animal cells is the centrosome. A centrosome has two cylindrical centrioles at its core. Each centriole consists of nine sets of three microtubules held together by proteins. The centrioles are positioned at right angles to each other and surrounded by a shapeless protein cloud called the pericentriolar matrix, or pericentriolar material (PCM).
To ensure that each daughter cell receives a centrosome after cell division, centrosome duplication...
Centrosome Duplication02:25

Centrosome Duplication

The primary microtubule organizing center (MTOC) in animal cells is the centrosome. A centrosome has two cylindrical centrioles at its core. Each centriole consists of nine sets of three microtubules held together by proteins. The centrioles are positioned at right angles to each other and surrounded by a shapeless protein cloud called the pericentriolar matrix, or pericentriolar material (PCM).
To ensure that each daughter cell receives a centrosome after cell division, centrosome duplication...
Centrioles and Centrosomes01:13

Centrioles and Centrosomes

Most animal cells comprise a pair of centrioles together called a centrosome. The cell duplicates its centrosome and contains two centrosomes side-by-side, which begin to move apart during the prophase. As the centrosomes migrate to two different sides of the cell, microtubules start extending from each centrosome toward the other end. The mitotic spindle is composed of the centrosomes and their emerging microtubules.
Near the end of the prophase, also called late prophase or "prometaphase,"...
Spindle Assembly02:50

Spindle Assembly

Spindle assembly occurs through three, often coexisting, pathways – the centrosome-mediated pathway, the chromatin-mediated pathway, and the microtubule-mediated pathway – collectively contributing to form a robust spindle apparatus.
In most cells, centrosomes are the primary microtubule nucleation centers. In the centrosome-mediated pathway, the G2-prophase transition triggers centrosome maturation and increased microtubule nucleation. Progressive nucleation results in a microtubule array...
Histone Variants at the Centromere02:30

Histone Variants at the Centromere

Histone variants are the histone proteins with structural and sequence variations. These variants may be regarded as “mutant” forms that replace their canonical histone counterparts in the nucleosomes. Specific post-translational modifications on the histone variants enable further chromatin complexity and regulate tissue-specific gene expression. The most common histone variants are from histone H2A, H2B, and linker histone H1 families. However, several variants of histone H3 variants are also...
Microtubule Instability02:17

Microtubule Instability

Microtubules are hollow cylindrical filaments having a diameter of approximately 25 nm and a length that varies from 200 nm to 25 μm. GTP-bound tubulin subunits form αβ-heterodimers for microtubule assembly. These core building blocks interact longitudinally, polymerizing into protofilaments. The protofilaments then interact with one another through lateral bonding forces to form stable cylindrical microtubules. These cylindrical filaments are dynamic as they undergo repeated assembly and...

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Quantitative Immunofluorescence Assay to Measure the Variation in Protein Levels at Centrosomes
09:39

Quantitative Immunofluorescence Assay to Measure the Variation in Protein Levels at Centrosomes

Published on: December 20, 2014

Centrosome amplification causes microcephaly.

Véronique Marthiens1, Maria A Rujano, Carole Pennetier

  • 1UMR144, CNRS-Institut Curie, 12 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France.

Nature Cell Biology
|May 14, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Centrosome amplification causes microcephaly in mice by disrupting neural stem cell division. Inhibiting apoptosis leads to aneuploid cells, tissue degeneration, and premature death, challenging cancer models.

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Lineage Tracing and Clonal Analysis in Developing Cerebral Cortex Using Mosaic Analysis with Double Markers (MADM)
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Lineage Tracing and Clonal Analysis in Developing Cerebral Cortex Using Mosaic Analysis with Double Markers (MADM)

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Last Updated: May 11, 2026

Quantitative Immunofluorescence Assay to Measure the Variation in Protein Levels at Centrosomes
09:39

Quantitative Immunofluorescence Assay to Measure the Variation in Protein Levels at Centrosomes

Published on: December 20, 2014

Live Cell Imaging to Assess the Dynamics of Metaphase Timing and Cell Fate Following Mitotic Spindle Perturbations
07:14

Live Cell Imaging to Assess the Dynamics of Metaphase Timing and Cell Fate Following Mitotic Spindle Perturbations

Published on: September 20, 2019

Lineage Tracing and Clonal Analysis in Developing Cerebral Cortex Using Mosaic Analysis with Double Markers (MADM)
09:25

Lineage Tracing and Clonal Analysis in Developing Cerebral Cortex Using Mosaic Analysis with Double Markers (MADM)

Published on: May 8, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Cancer Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Centrosome amplification is a known hallmark of human tumors.
  • In Drosophila, extra centrosomes lead to neural stem cell (NSC) pool expansion and tumor formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the consequences of centrosome amplification in mouse brain development and homeostasis.
  • Explore the role of centrosome amplification in microcephaly etiology.

Main Methods:

  • Studied centrosome amplification effects during mouse brain development.
  • Analyzed neural stem cell division and apoptosis.
  • Investigated consequences of apoptosis inhibition.

Main Results:

  • Centrosome amplification causes microcephaly via inefficient centrosome clustering and multipolar cell division.
  • Aneuploid cells resulting from multipolar divisions undergo apoptosis.
  • Inhibiting apoptosis leads to accumulation of aneuploid cells, loss of proliferation, differentiation, and premature death due to tissue degeneration.

Conclusions:

  • Centrosome amplification can lead to microcephaly and tissue degeneration, not necessarily overproliferation or cancer.
  • Suggests an alternative mechanism for microcephaly etiology.
  • Highlights the complex role of centrosome amplification and aneuploidy in development and disease.