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Related Concept Videos

Sleep Apnea01:21

Sleep Apnea

Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep.
The condition is more prevalent among...
Stroke: Introduction and Types01:29

Stroke: Introduction and Types

A stroke is an acute neurological event caused by the sudden disruption of cerebral blood flow, leading to rapid loss of neuronal function. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief interruptions can cause irreversible injury within minutes. Strokes are classified into ischemic and hemorrhagic types.Ischemic StrokeIschemic strokes are most common and occur due to arterial occlusion, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients. This leads to energy failure, ionic...
Other Pulmonary Disorders01:17

Other Pulmonary Disorders

Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying levels of severity. Asthma, marked by chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, is one such condition. It can lead to airway obstruction due to factors like bronchial spasms, mucosal edema, increased mucus secretion, or epithelial damage. Asthma triggers are diverse, ranging from allergens to emotional upset, and treatment focuses on both immediate relief through bronchodilators and long-term inflammation suppression.
Sleep-Wake Cycles01:24

Sleep-Wake Cycles

Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and  rapid eye movement (REM).
NREM Sleep
NREM sleep comprises four progressive stages that seamlessly merge:
Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction01:15

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.
Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract II: Inspection01:27

Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract II: Inspection

Physical assessment of the respiratory tract through inspection is a crucial step in understanding the patient's respiratory health. It provides insights into the functioning of the respiratory system, the musculoskeletal structure, and even the patient's nutritional status. This comprehensive approach involves observing several vital aspects: chest configuration, breathing patterns, respiratory rates, skin color, and use of accessory muscles.
Chest Configuration
The chest configuration can...

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Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
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Stroke and obstructive sleep apnea: a review.

Daniel A Barone1, Ana C Krieger

  • 1Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical College Center for Sleep Medicine, Cornell University, 425 East 61st Street - 5th floor, New York, NY 10065, USA. dab9129@med.cornell.edu

Current Atherosclerosis Reports
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Summary

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a stroke risk factor. This review explores the link between OSA and stroke, potential mechanisms, and how OSA treatment may reduce stroke risk.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Cardiology
  • Sleep Medicine

Background:

  • Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is recognized as an independent risk factor for stroke.
  • Epidemiological studies consistently demonstrate a significant association between OSA and increased stroke incidence.
  • The pathophysiological mechanisms linking OSA to stroke are complex and require further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiological evidence connecting obstructive sleep apnea and stroke.
  • To discuss the mechanistic pathways involved in the OSA-stroke relationship.
  • To explore the potential of OSA treatment in mitigating stroke risk.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiological studies on OSA and stroke.
  • Analysis of proposed pathophysiological mechanisms.
  • Discussion of clinical implications and treatment strategies.

Main Results:

  • Strong epidemiological evidence supports OSA as an independent stroke risk factor.
  • Multiple mechanisms, including intermittent hypoxia and sympathetic overactivation, are implicated.
  • Evidence suggests OSA treatment may reduce stroke risk, though further research is needed.

Conclusions:

  • The link between OSA and stroke is well-established epidemiologically.
  • Understanding the underlying mechanisms is crucial for effective risk management.
  • Further research is warranted to optimize OSA treatment strategies for stroke prevention.