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Published on: July 17, 2020

The genetic basis for elite running performance.

Ross Tucker1, Jordan Santos-Concejero, Malcolm Collins

  • 1UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. Ross.Tucker@mweb.co.za

British Journal of Sports Medicine
|May 14, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genetic factors influence athletic performance. Favorable gene variants, more frequent in certain populations, may explain the athletic dominance seen in East African distance runners and West African sprinters.

Keywords:
Elite performanceEnduranceExercise physiologyGenetics/sex testingRunning

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Human Genetics
  • Exercise Physiology

Background:

  • East African and West African populations exhibit remarkable athletic success in distance running and sprinting, respectively.
  • Previous studies linking specific genes (e.g., ACE, ACTN3) to athletic performance in Caucasian populations have yielded inconsistent results in African populations.
  • The candidate gene approach may be limited in genetically diverse African populations due to polygenic influences and methodological challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the genetic basis of athletic performance.
  • To critically evaluate the application of the candidate gene approach in diverse African populations.
  • To propose an alternative explanation for the observed athletic dominance in these populations.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on genetic factors in athletic performance.
  • Analysis of previous studies on candidate genes (ACE, ACTN3) and their replication in different ethnic groups.
  • Discussion of methodological limitations in genetic association studies.

Main Results:

  • Replication of candidate gene findings in African populations has been challenging.
  • Small sample sizes, ethnic diversity, and control group selection complicate previous research.
  • The polygenic nature of athletic traits is increasingly recognized.

Conclusions:

  • Genes play a role in athletic performance.
  • The frequency of beneficial genetic variants, not just their presence, may be key.
  • Understanding genetic contributions requires considering population diversity and complex genetic architectures.