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Related Concept Videos

Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
Acne Infection01:27

Acne Infection

Acne is a multifactorial skin condition primarily affecting adolescents and young adults, with a global prevalence estimated to exceed 75% in this demographic. The condition is characterized by the formation of comedones (blackheads and whiteheads), papules, pustules, nodules, and, in severe cases, cysts, particularly in areas rich in sebaceous glands such as the face, neck, chest, and back. The pathogenesis involves increased sebum production, follicular hyperkeratinization, colonization by...
Asthma I: Introduction01:28

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...
Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

Overview
Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management01:20

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Resolving Water, Proteins, and Lipids from In Vivo Confocal Raman Spectra of Stratum Corneum through a Chemometric Approach
09:32

Resolving Water, Proteins, and Lipids from In Vivo Confocal Raman Spectra of Stratum Corneum through a Chemometric Approach

Published on: September 26, 2019

Overview of atopic dermatitis.

Kyu Han Kim1

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-744, Korea.

Asia Pacific Allergy
|May 14, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common skin condition with increasing prevalence. Research suggests a primary defect in the skin barrier, rather than immune issues, may initiate AD development.

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a prevalent chronic skin condition affecting 10%-20% of the population, with increasing incidence globally.
  • Two main hypotheses explain AD pathogenesis: the 'inside-to-outside' (immunological aberrations) and 'outside-to-inside' (epidermal barrier defect).
  • Recent findings, including filaggrin mutations in AD patients, increasingly support epidermal barrier dysfunction as a primary factor.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of atopic dermatitis pathogenesis.
  • To discuss the evolving role of epidermal barrier defects versus immunological factors.
  • To outline clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management strategies for AD.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of pathogenetic mechanisms in atopic dermatitis.
Keywords:
Atopic dermatitisEpidermal barrier defectFilaggrin mutationImmunological aberrationsPrevalence

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Effects of Exposure of Formaldehyde to a Rat Model of Atopic Dermatitis Induced by Neonatal Capsaicin Treatment
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Effects of Exposure of Formaldehyde to a Rat Model of Atopic Dermatitis Induced by Neonatal Capsaicin Treatment

Published on: September 27, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 11, 2026

Resolving Water, Proteins, and Lipids from In Vivo Confocal Raman Spectra of Stratum Corneum through a Chemometric Approach
09:32

Resolving Water, Proteins, and Lipids from In Vivo Confocal Raman Spectra of Stratum Corneum through a Chemometric Approach

Published on: September 26, 2019

Effects of Exposure of Formaldehyde to a Rat Model of Atopic Dermatitis Induced by Neonatal Capsaicin Treatment
06:47

Effects of Exposure of Formaldehyde to a Rat Model of Atopic Dermatitis Induced by Neonatal Capsaicin Treatment

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  • Analysis of clinical features and diagnostic criteria.
  • Summary of current and emerging treatment modalities.

    • Main Results:

    • The epidermal barrier defect hypothesis is gaining traction as a primary driver of AD.
    • Clinical manifestations vary, typically starting on the face and progressing to flexural areas with age.
    • While many cases respond to conventional treatments, some require advanced therapies like immunosuppressants.

    Conclusions:

    • Epidermal barrier dysfunction, potentially linked to genetic factors like filaggrin mutations, is increasingly recognized as a key initiator of atopic dermatitis.
    • Effective management involves topical/systemic treatments, with a favorable prognosis for spontaneous resolution in many cases.
    • Refractory cases necessitate consideration of immunosuppressive agents.