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Related Concept Videos

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The iodine is then...

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Updated: May 11, 2026

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
04:39

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Published on: March 17, 2023

[Thyroid in the elderly (part 2)].

F Retornaz1, F Castinetti, C Molines

  • 1Pole gériatrique, centre gérontologique départemental, 176, avenue de Montolivet, 13012 Marseille, France; EA3279, évaluation des systèmes de soins, santé perçue, université de la méditerranée, 27, boulevard Jean-Moulin, 13006 Marseille, France.

La Revue De Medecine Interne
|May 15, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Aging increases thyroid disease risk, often presenting subtly. Diagnosis and treatment require age-specific approaches for conditions like hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and nodules.

Keywords:
DysthyroïdiesElderlyHormones thyroïdiennesPatients âgés de 65ans ou plusThyroidThyroid diseasesThyroid hormonesThyroïde

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Synchronous Triplanar Reconstruction Integrated with Color Doppler Mapping for Precise and Rapid Localization of Thyroid Lesions

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Last Updated: May 11, 2026

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
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Synchronous Triplanar Reconstruction Integrated with Color Doppler Mapping for Precise and Rapid Localization of Thyroid Lesions
05:41

Synchronous Triplanar Reconstruction Integrated with Color Doppler Mapping for Precise and Rapid Localization of Thyroid Lesions

Published on: February 9, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Geriatric Medicine
  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology

Context:

  • Aging is linked to a higher incidence of various thyroid diseases.
  • Thyroid dysfunction in older adults can be asymptomatic or present with vague symptoms, complicating diagnosis.
  • Subclinical thyroid conditions, especially hypothyroidism, are more prevalent in the elderly population.

Purpose:

  • To review the unique challenges in diagnosing and managing thyroid diseases in aging individuals.
  • To discuss the specific considerations for overt and subclinical hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism in the elderly.
  • To highlight age-related differences in thyroid nodules and cancer prognosis.

Summary:

  • Thyroid diseases are more common in older adults, often presenting with minimal symptoms, making diagnosis challenging.
  • Subclinical hypothyroidism is frequent, typically managed conservatively, while subclinical hyperthyroidism often warrants aggressive treatment due to cardiac risks.
  • The elderly exhibit increased thyroid nodules, with thyroid cancer having a poorer prognosis due to aggressive histological types.

Impact:

  • Emphasizes the need for tailored diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for thyroid disorders in the aging population.
  • Underscores the importance of considering age and overall health in managing thyroid conditions in the elderly.
  • Highlights the less favorable prognosis of thyroid cancer in older individuals, necessitating adapted treatment approaches.