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Updated: May 11, 2026

Subsurface Defect Localization by Structured Heating Using Laser Projected Photothermal Thermography
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Dynamic symmetrical pattern projection based laser triangulation sensor for precise surface position measurement of

Klemen Žbontar1, Matjaž Mihelj, Boštjan Podobnik

  • 1LPKF Laser & Elektronika, Naklo, Slovenia. klemen.zbontar@lpkf.si

Applied Optics
|May 15, 2013
PubMed
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A new laser triangulation system accurately aligns diverse materials for optimal laser structuring. Its robust design achieves high precision, improving fabrication processes for printed circuit boards (PCBs).

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Optical Engineering
  • Manufacturing Technology

Background:

  • Laser structuring requires precise material surface alignment with the laser focus for optimal fabrication.
  • Existing methods struggle with material-type variability, hindering robust alignment.
  • Accurate material referencing is crucial for advanced manufacturing processes like PCB prototyping.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a material-type-independent laser-triangulation measurement system for precise surface alignment.
  • To enhance laser structuring applications by ensuring optimal material positioning.
  • To improve the accuracy and robustness of material referencing in PCB prototyping.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a high-quality ultraviolet laser beam for triangulation.

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Last Updated: May 11, 2026

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  • Implemented dynamic symmetrical pattern projection for robust alignment across material types.
  • Developed a "double curve fitting" centroid detection algorithm with subsurface scattering compensation.

    • Main Results:

    • The system demonstrated robustness to laser intensity variations.
    • Achieved a measurement bias lower than 50 μm.
    • Exhibited a standard deviation lower than ±6.3 μm for all tested materials.
    • Successfully integrated the probe into a PCB prototyping system.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed laser-triangulation system provides accurate and material-type-independent surface referencing.
    • The novel alignment and detection methods ensure high precision and robustness in laser structuring.
    • The system enhances PCB prototyping by enabling reliable material referencing.