Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Characteristics of OpAmp

Characteristics of OpAmp

The operational amplifier, commonly known as an op-amp, is a specially designed electronic circuit component. Its purpose is to work in conjunction with other circuit elements to execute a defined signal-processing operation. Consider an equivalent circuit model of an op-amp, as depicted in Figure 1; the output section comprises a voltage-controlled source in parallel with the output resistance Ro.

Mesh Analysis for AC Circuits

Mesh Analysis for AC Circuits

In the domain of radio communication, the significance of impedance matching must be considered. It is crucial to ensure the efficient transmission of signals between radio transmitters and receivers. Achieving this balance involves using impedance-matching circuits, with one fundamental configuration comprising a resistor, capacitor, and inductor.
The process of harmonizing these impedances begins with a clear understanding of the input and output signals. Once these signals are known, the...

Characteristics of Practical Op Amps

Characteristics of Practical Op Amps

A difference amplifier, a crucial component in numerous electronic devices, ideally amplifies only the difference-mode signal, which is the difference between two input signals. However, in practical circuits, the output voltage depends on both the differential gain and the common-mode gain.
The ratio of differential gain to the common-mode gain is defined as the common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR). This ratio quantifies the ability of operational amplifiers (op-amps) to reject common-mode...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Symmetry Breaking as a Basis for Characterization of Dielectric Materials.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2025

Same author

Utilizing Polarization Diversity in GBSAR Data-Based Object Classification.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2024

Same author

Design and Realization of Wearable Textile Slotted Waveguide Antennas.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2023

Same author

Radiation Patterns of RF Wireless Devices Implanted in Small Animals: Unexpected Deformations Due to Body Resonance.

IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems·2023

Same author

Extending the spectrum of fully integrated photonics to submicrometre wavelengths.

Nature·2022

Same author

Textile Slotted Waveguide Antennas for Body-Centric Applications.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2022

Same journal

Multifunctional reconfigurable terahertz metasurface based on vanadium dioxide phase transition: achieving broadband absorption and efficient polarization conversion.

Applied optics·2026

Same journal

High-Q-factor electromagnetically induced transparency utilizing quasi-bound states in the continuum in an all-dielectric terahertz metasurface.

Applied optics·2026

Same journal

Automated stitching interferometry for high-precision metrology of X-ray mirrors.

Applied optics·2026

Same journal

Experimental demonstration of an approach to designing a metal-dielectric DBR resonant cavity structure.

Applied optics·2026

Same journal

High-precision wavefront reconstruction from a single-shot interferogram using a physics-driven hybrid feature calibration network.

Applied optics·2026

Same journal

Ultra-high-Q Fano resonance based on coupled topological corner states in Kagome photonic crystals.

Applied optics·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Gain-compensation Methodology for a Sinusoidal Scan of a Galvanometer Mirror in Proportional-Integral-Differential Control Using Pre-emphasis Techniques

Gain-compensation Methodology for a Sinusoidal Scan of a Galvanometer Mirror in Proportional-Integral-Differential Control Using Pre-emphasis Techniques

Published on: April 4, 2017

Characterization of mirror-based modulation-averaging structures.

Tin Komljenovic¹, Dubravko Babić, Zvonimir Sipus

¹University of Zagreb, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, Unska 3, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. tin.komljenovic@fer.hr

|May 15, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Modulation-averaging reflectors enhance link margin in passive optical networks. Simple methods accurately predict reflector efficiency, validated by fiber-Bragg grating experiments.

More Related Videos

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

Published on: March 20, 2017

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator

Published on: January 28, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 11, 2026

Gain-compensation Methodology for a Sinusoidal Scan of a Galvanometer Mirror in Proportional-Integral-Differential Control Using Pre-emphasis Techniques

Gain-compensation Methodology for a Sinusoidal Scan of a Galvanometer Mirror in Proportional-Integral-Differential Control Using Pre-emphasis Techniques

Published on: April 4, 2017

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

Published on: March 20, 2017

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator

Published on: January 28, 2019

Area of Science:

Optical Engineering
Telecommunications

Background:

Passive optical networks (PONs) face challenges with link margin in wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM).
Self-seeding techniques in WDM-PONs require efficient modulation-averaging reflectors.

Purpose of the Study:

To present simple methods for determining key parameters of modulation-averaging reflectors.
To predict the averaging efficiency of these reflectors.
To experimentally validate the theoretical models.

Main Methods:

Characterization of modulation-averaging reflectors constructed from arrayed fiber-Bragg gratings.
Development of theoretical models for predicting reflector performance.
Experimental measurement of reflector averaging efficiency.

Main Results:

Demonstrated simple methods for parameter determination and efficiency prediction.
Achieved excellent agreement between experimental results and theoretical predictions.
Validated the effectiveness of arrayed fiber-Bragg gratings for modulation averaging.

Conclusions:

The proposed methods provide accurate predictions for modulation-averaging reflector efficiency.
Arrayed fiber-Bragg gratings are a viable solution for improving link margin in WDM-PONs.
This work facilitates the design and optimization of advanced optical network components.