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Related Concept Videos

Electromagnetic Wave Equation01:24

Electromagnetic Wave Equation

Maxwell's equations for electromagnetic fields are related to source charges, either static or moving. These fields act on a test charge, whose trajectory can thus be determined using suitable boundary conditions. The objective of electromagnetism is thus theoretically complete.
However, although electric and magnetic fields were first introduced as mathematical constructs to simplify the description of mutual forces between charges, a natural question emerges from Maxwell's equations: What...
Plane Electromagnetic Waves I01:30

Plane Electromagnetic Waves I

The existence of combined electric and magnetic fields that propagate through space as electromagnetic (EM) waves is the most significant prediction of Maxwell's equations. As Maxwell's equations hold in free space, the predicted electromagnetic waves do not require a medium for their propagation. An EM wave comprises an electric field, defined as the force per charge on a stationary charge, and a magnetic field, which is the force per charge on a moving charge.
The EM field is assumed to be a...
Standing Electromagnetic Waves01:15

Standing Electromagnetic Waves

Electromagnetic waves can be reflected; the surface of a conductor or a dielectric can act as a reflector. As electric and magnetic fields obey the superposition principle, so do electromagnetic waves. The superposition of an incident wave and a reflected electromagnetic wave produces a standing wave analogous to the standing waves created on a stretched string.
Suppose a sheet of a perfect conductor is placed in the yz-plane, and a linearly polarized electromagnetic wave traveling in the...
Interference and Superposition of Waves01:07

Interference and Superposition of Waves

When two waves of the same nature occur in the same region simultaneously, they result in interference. Interference of waves implies that the net effect of the waves is the sum of the individual waves' effects. However, it does not imply that the individual waves affect the propagation of other waves.
Interference occurs in mechanical waves, such as sound waves, waves on a string, and surface water waves. Mechanical waves correspond to the physical displacement of particles. Hence,...
Standing Waves in a Cavity01:28

Standing Waves in a Cavity

A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:
Electromagnetic Waves in Matter01:30

Electromagnetic Waves in Matter

Electromagnetic waves can travel in the vacuum as well as in matter. For example light, which is an electromagnetic wave, can travel through air, water, or glass.
Consider the electromagnetic wave passing through a dielectric medium. In such a case, Maxwell's equations get modified. In Ampere's law, ε0 , the dielectric permittivity of free space is replaced with ε, the permittivity of dielectric. Also, the vacuum permeability μ0 is replaced by the permeability of the medium, μ.
Furthermore, the...

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Surface waves in three-dimensional electromagnetic composites and their effect on homogenization.

Xiaoyan Y Z Xiong1, Li Jun Jiang, Vadim A Markel

  • 1Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.

Optics Express
|May 15, 2013
PubMed
Summary

This study examines how bulk and surface waves interact to influence electromagnetic wave reflection and transmission in periodic composites, known as metamaterials. Numerical simulations and a new homogenization theory reveal the complex interplay between these wave types.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Electromagnetism

Background:

  • Electromagnetic wave interactions with periodic structures are crucial in metamaterials.
  • Both bulk and surface waves contribute to reflection and transmission phenomena.
  • Understanding this interplay is key for designing advanced optical and electromagnetic devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the combined effects of bulk and surface waves on electromagnetic wave propagation.
  • To analyze the interplay between these wave contributions in periodic composites.
  • To validate a new non-asymptotic homogenization theory.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing three-dimensional full-wave numerical simulations.
  • Applying a recently developed non-asymptotic homogenization theory.
  • Analyzing the reflection and transmission coefficients at material boundaries.

Main Results:

  • The study quantifies the interplay between bulk and surface wave contributions.
  • Numerical simulations confirm the predictions of the non-asymptotic homogenization theory.
  • The findings highlight the significance of both wave types in metamaterial behavior.

Conclusions:

  • The reflection and transmission of electromagnetic waves in periodic composites are governed by a complex interplay of bulk and surface waves.
  • The developed non-asymptotic homogenization theory provides an accurate framework for analyzing these phenomena.
  • This research advances the understanding of metamaterial electromagnetic properties.