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Temperature Measurement Sites

Temperature Measurement Sites

A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
Oral: When assessing oral temperature, the thermometer tip should be placed under the tongue in the posterior sublingual pocket. It offers accurate readings and can be...

Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature

Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature

Body temperature can be assessed using various devices and measured in Celsius or Fahrenheit.
Glass-bulb Thermometer:
Glass-bulb thermometers are hollow glass tubes with a bulb tip containing liquid such as ethanol or mercury. Historically, glass bulb mercury thermometers were the standard device to measure body temperature. Today, mercury thermometers are prohibited in many countries due to the hazardous effects of mercury and the risk of exposure if the glass bulb breaks. In general,...

Gas Thermometers and the Kelvin Scale

Gas Thermometers and the Kelvin Scale

The definition of temperature in terms of molecular motion suggests that there should be a lowest possible temperature, where the average kinetic energy of molecules is zero (or the minimum allowed by quantum mechanics). Experiments confirm the existence of such a temperature, called absolute zero. An absolute temperature scale is one whose zero point is absolute zero. Such scales are convenient in science because several physical quantities, such as the volume of an ideal gas, are directly...

Thermometers and Temperature Scales

Thermometers and Temperature Scales

Any physical property that depends consistently and reproducibly on temperature can be used as the basis of a thermometer. For example, volume increases with temperature for most substances. This property is the basis for the common alcohol thermometer and the original mercury thermometers. Other properties used to measure temperature include electrical resistance, color, and the emission of infrared radiation.
As many physical properties depend on temperature, the variety of thermometers is...

Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery

Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery

Here is a stepwise guide to assessing the body temperature at the temporal artery using a temporal artery thermometer
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don a fresh pair of gloves to prevent cross-infection and ensure patient safety.
Step 2: Explain the procedure to the patient to establish trust. Clear communication establishes trust with the patient, ensures they understand what to expect, promotes cooperation, and enhances comfort during the procedure.
Step 3: Assess the patient's forehead...

Constant Pressure Calorimetry

Constant Pressure Calorimetry

Calorimetry is a technique used to measure the amount of heat involved in a chemical or physical process or to measure the heat transferred to or from a substance. The heat is exchanged with a calibrated and insulated device called the calorimeter. Calorimetry experiments are based on the assumption that there is no heat exchange between the insulated calorimeter and the external environment. The well-insulated calorimeters prevent the transfer of heat between the calorimeter and its external...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Near-Infrared Temperature Measurement Technique for Water Surrounding an Induction-heated Small Magnetic Sphere

Near-Infrared Temperature Measurement Technique for Water Surrounding an Induction-heated Small Magnetic Sphere

Published on: April 30, 2018

Absolute self-calibrated room-temperature terahertz powermeter.

Christophe Pradere¹, Jean-Pascal Caumes, Jean Toutain

¹I2M TREFLE department, UMR CNRS 5295, Esplanade des Arts et Métiers, Talence 33405, France. christophe.pradere@ensam.eu

|May 15, 2013

Summary

A new terahertz (THz) thermal converter utilizes the Seebeck effect for room-temperature power metrology. This device offers broadband response and high sensitivity for accurate THz measurements.

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Area of Science:

Physics
Electrical Engineering
Metrology

Background:

Accurate terahertz (THz) power measurement is crucial for scientific and technological applications.
Existing THz power meters often lack room-temperature operation or sufficient sensitivity.
The Seebeck effect offers a potential mechanism for thermal-to-electrical energy conversion.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a novel room-temperature THz power meter.
To investigate the coupling of optical and thermal properties for enhanced performance.
To establish a device for THz power metrology with self-calibration capabilities.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of a THz thermal converter based on the Seebeck effect.
Characterization of the device's optical and thermal properties.
Evaluation of performance metrics including response bandwidth, sensitivity, and self-calibration.

Main Results:

The developed device demonstrates a broadband response from 0 to 30 THz.
High sensitivity was achieved, with values below 25 μW·Hz(-0.5).
An internal absolute self-calibration was estimated at 9.93 W·V(-1).

Conclusions:

The Seebeck effect-based THz thermal converter is a viable solution for room-temperature THz power metrology.
The device exhibits promising performance characteristics for broadband and sensitive measurements.
Further development could lead to a self-calibrating standard for THz power.