Mediterranean diet improves cognition: the PREDIMED-NAVARRA randomised trial

Area of Science:

• Nutrition Science
• Cognitive Neuroscience
• Preventive Medicine

Background:

• Observational studies suggest the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) benefits cognitive function, but findings are inconsistent.
• A nutritional intervention trial was designed to clarify the MedDiet's impact on cognition.

Purpose of the Study:

• To assess the effect of two MedDiets (supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil or mixed nuts) on cognitive performance compared to a low-fat control diet.

Main Methods:

• A multicentre, randomized trial (PREDIMED) involving 522 participants at high vascular risk.
• Cognitive function was evaluated using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Clock Drawing Test (CDT) after 6.5 years.
• General linear models were used for analysis, controlling for various confounding factors.

Main Results:

• Participants on MedDiet+EVOO showed significantly higher MMSE and CDT scores compared to the control group.
• Participants on MedDiet+Nuts also demonstrated higher MMSE and CDT scores versus the control group.
• Results remained consistent after adjusting for depression.

Conclusions:

• MedDiets supplemented with EVOO or nuts appear to enhance cognitive function relative to a low-fat diet.
• This intervention strategy may be beneficial for maintaining cognitive health in at-risk populations.