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Allergic Reactions

Allergic Reactions

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...

Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs

Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs

Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition for which new therapeutic avenues, including anti-inflammatory drugs like mast cell stabilizers and anti-IgE treatments, continue to be developed.
Mast cell stabilizers, such as cromolyn (also known as sodium cromoglycate) and nedocromil (Tilade), are effective drugs in asthma management. These stabilizers hinder histamine release by skillfully obstructing the activation of mast cells and other cellular entities. Notably, they navigate this task without...

Antibody Structure

Antibody Structure

Overview
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing numerous...

Cross-reactivity

Cross-reactivity

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Immunofluorescent Labeling in Nasal Mucosa Tissue Sections of Allergic Rhinitis Rats via Multicolor Immunoassay

Immunofluorescent Labeling in Nasal Mucosa Tissue Sections of Allergic Rhinitis Rats via Multicolor Immunoassay

Published on: September 22, 2023

Allergen immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis.

K Petalas¹, S R Durham

¹Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 251 General Air Force Hospital, Athens, Greece.

|May 15, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Specific Immunotherapy (SIT) offers a disease-modifying treatment for allergic rhinitis and asthma. This allergen-based therapy induces long-term remission and prevents disease progression by altering immune responses.

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Symptom Assessment of Patients with Allergic Rhinitis Using an Allergen Exposure Chamber

Symptom Assessment of Patients with Allergic Rhinitis Using an Allergen Exposure Chamber

Published on: March 3, 2023

Area of Science:

Immunology
Allergy Research
Respiratory Medicine

Background:

Allergic rhinitis is a prevalent global health issue, significantly impacting quality of life and acting as a precursor to bronchial asthma.
Conventional drug therapies may be insufficient for some patients, necessitating alternative treatment approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the efficacy and mechanisms of Specific Immunotherapy (SIT) for allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma.
To highlight the disease-modifying potential and long-term benefits of SIT.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on Specific Immunotherapy (SIT) for allergic rhinitis and asthma.
Analysis of immunological mechanisms underlying SIT, including T-cell and B-cell modulation.
Examination of safety profiles and patient selection criteria for SIT.

Main Results:

SIT demonstrates effectiveness, particularly in patients unresponsive to conventional treatments, leading to long-term symptom remission.
Immunotherapy reduces the risk of allergic rhinitis progression to asthma and prevents new allergen sensitizations.
SIT modifies T-cell and B-cell responses, promoting immune tolerance through mechanisms like immune deviation and regulatory T-cell induction.

Conclusions:

Specific Immunotherapy (SIT) is a safe and effective disease-modifying treatment for allergic rhinitis, with or without mild asthma.
Understanding SIT's mechanisms reveals potential biomarkers and pathways for developing improved future vaccines.