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Related Concept Videos

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias01:28

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias

Arrhythmias are irregular heart rhythms occurring when the heart's electrical impulses become abnormal. These disturbances can lead to various symptoms, depending on their severity and the underlying cause. Some common factors contributing to arrhythmias include hypoxia, ischemia, electrolyte imbalances, excessive catecholamine exposure, drug toxicity, and muscle overstretching. Arrhythmias can be classified into two main types based on the rate and site of origin of abnormal heart rhythms.
ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias01:25

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...
Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:29

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...
Dysrhythmias V: Evaluating Dysrhythmias01:30

Dysrhythmias V: Evaluating Dysrhythmias

Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are disturbances in the heart's rhythm that range from benign to life-threatening. A thorough evaluation is crucial for appropriate management and involves a comprehensive medical history, physical examination, and various diagnostic tests.Medical HistorySymptoms: Collect detailed information on palpitations, dizziness, syncope, chest pain, and fatigue. Note their onset, frequency, and triggers.Previous Cardiac Issues: Document any history of heart...
ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias I: Sinus Arrhythmias01:16

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias I: Sinus Arrhythmias

Arrhythmias are disturbances in the heart's rhythm that lead to abnormal heartbeats. These irregularities can originate from different parts of the heart and are classified based on their origin and nature.
Types of Arrhythmias
Sinus Node Arrhythmias
Sinus Bradycardia: Originating from the sinoatrial (SA) node, sinus bradycardia involves slower impulses, resulting in a heart rate of less than 60 beats per minute (bpm). Causes include sleep, vagal stimulation, beta-blockers, hypothyroidism, and...
Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias01:18

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias

Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Dual-Dye Optical Mapping of Hearts from RyR2R2474S Knock-In Mice of Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia
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Dual-Dye Optical Mapping of Hearts from RyR2R2474S Knock-In Mice of Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia

Published on: December 22, 2023

[Arrhythmia and genetic background].

Masaomi Chinushi1, Akinori Sato

  • 1Graduate School of Health Science and Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Niigata University School of Medicine, Niigata 951-8518, Japan. masaomi@clg.niigata-u.ac.jp

Rinsho Byori. the Japanese Journal of Clinical Pathology
|May 16, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hereditary arrhythmic diseases stem from genetic defects affecting heart electrical function. This review details long QT syndrome and Brugada syndrome, focusing on their genetic causes and electrophysiological mechanisms.

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Last Updated: May 11, 2026

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Published on: May 27, 2010

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Genetics
  • Electrophysiology

Context:

  • Hereditary arrhythmic diseases arise from genetic abnormalities in myocardial ion channels and proteins.
  • These conditions can lead to serious cardiac events in individuals with structurally normal hearts.

Purpose:

  • To review the genetic basis and electrophysiological mechanisms of Long QT Syndrome and Brugada Syndrome.
  • To highlight the specific ionic current abnormalities underlying these hereditary arrhythmias.

Summary:

  • Long QT Syndrome involves prolonged action potential duration due to altered ion currents, leading to Torsades de Pointes.
  • Brugada Syndrome is characterized by a prominent transient outward current (Ito) causing ECG abnormalities and risk of ventricular fibrillation.
  • Thirteen genotypes are known for Romano-Ward syndrome, two for Jervell-Lange Nielsen syndrome, and eleven for Brugada Syndrome.

Impact:

  • Understanding these genetic and electrophysiological underpinnings is crucial for diagnosis and management.
  • This review provides insights into the molecular basis of inherited cardiac arrhythmias.
  • Advances in genetic identification and understanding of ionic channel function improve patient outcomes.