Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells01:12

Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells

The skin is divided into epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, the skin's outermost, middle, and inner layers. The human epidermal layer regularly undergoes renewal, where old, dead cells are replaced by new cells. Epidermal stem cells or EpiSCs divide and differentiate to restore the lost cells. For the renewal process, some EpiSCs continuously self-renew. In contrast, few others differentiate into transit-amplifying cells, which later form prickle or spinous cells, followed by granular cells,...
Maintenance of the ES Cell State01:14

Maintenance of the ES Cell State

The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for this...
Combinatorial Gene Control02:33

Combinatorial Gene Control

Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...
Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the daughter...
Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Oncogenic Ras drives EED degradation and PRC2 dysfunction to promote aggressive squamous cell carcinoma.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Relative tension shapes embryos.

Nature cell biology·2026
Same author

Matrine targets Enolase 1 and regulates the glycolysis-lactylation axis to enhance cisplatin sensitivity in triple-negative breast cancer.

Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology·2026
Same author

Autofluorescence and deep learning in early disease detection: biological foundations, clinical applications, and future directions.

Frontiers in artificial intelligence·2026
Same author

Negative-Ion Mode MALDI-TOF MS Combined with Machine Learning for the Rapid Identification of Colistin-Resistant <i>E. cloacae</i> Complex.

ACS omega·2026
Same author

Regular Aerobic Exercise Can Effectively Ameliorate the Skeletal Muscle and Mitochondrial Function Impairments Caused by <i>bves</i> Deficiency in Zebrafish.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Generation of Genetically Modified Organotypic Skin Cultures Using Devitalized Human Dermis
09:16

Generation of Genetically Modified Organotypic Skin Cultures Using Devitalized Human Dermis

Published on: December 14, 2015

Polycomb subunits Ezh1 and Ezh2 regulate the Merkel cell differentiation program in skin stem cells.

Evan S Bardot1, Victor J Valdes, Jisheng Zhang

  • 1Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.

The EMBO Journal
|May 16, 2013
PubMed
Summary

The Polycomb complex maintains epidermal progenitor cells by repressing Sox2. Removing Ezh1/Ezh2 increases Merkel cells, while Sox2 is essential for their development.

More Related Videos

In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells
10:26

In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells

Published on: January 20, 2019

Toxicological Assays for Testing Effects of an Epigenetic Drug on Development, Fecundity and Survivorship of Malaria Mosquitoes
10:26

Toxicological Assays for Testing Effects of an Epigenetic Drug on Development, Fecundity and Survivorship of Malaria Mosquitoes

Published on: January 16, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 11, 2026

Generation of Genetically Modified Organotypic Skin Cultures Using Devitalized Human Dermis
09:16

Generation of Genetically Modified Organotypic Skin Cultures Using Devitalized Human Dermis

Published on: December 14, 2015

In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells
10:26

In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells

Published on: January 20, 2019

Toxicological Assays for Testing Effects of an Epigenetic Drug on Development, Fecundity and Survivorship of Malaria Mosquitoes
10:26

Toxicological Assays for Testing Effects of an Epigenetic Drug on Development, Fecundity and Survivorship of Malaria Mosquitoes

Published on: January 16, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • The Polycomb complex regulates cell identity in embryonic stem cells.
  • Its role in tissue-specific stem cells, like those in skin, is less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the Polycomb complex's role in epidermal progenitor cell differentiation.
  • To identify the genetic mechanisms governing Merkel cell development.

Main Methods:

  • Genetic ablation of Ezh1 and Ezh2 in mouse skin.
  • Analysis of epidermal progenitor cell fate determination.
  • Investigating the role of transcription factors Sox2 and Atoh1.

Main Results:

  • Removal of Ezh1/Ezh2 increased Merkel cell numbers by derepressing Sox2.
  • Sox2 is critical for Merkel cell specification, activating Atoh1.
  • Sox2 ablation counteracted the Ezh1/Ezh2-null phenotype.

Conclusions:

  • The Polycomb complex maintains the epidermal progenitor state by repressing Sox2.
  • A novel regulatory network involving Polycomb, Sox2, and Atoh1 governs skin stem cell differentiation.