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Related Concept Videos

Pleural Effusion I: Introduction01:25

Pleural Effusion I: Introduction

Pleural effusion is an abnormal fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity, a narrow space between the lungs and the chest wall. It is not a disease per se but rather a symptom or indication of an underlying disease. In normal circumstances, this space contains a small amount of fluid (5 to 15 mL), a lubricant facilitating the non-frictional movement of the pleural surfaces.
There are two main types of pleural effusion: transudative and exudative. They are differentiated using Light's criteria,...
Pleural Effusion II: Symptoms and Management01:28

Pleural Effusion II: Symptoms and Management

Pleural Effusion Overview
A pleural effusion is the abnormal collection of fluid between the parietal and visceral pleura layers of tissue that form the lining of the lungs and chest cavity. It can occur independently or due to surrounding parenchymal diseases, such as infection, malignancy, or inflammatory conditions.
Clinical Manifestations:
Pleura of the Lungs01:13

Pleura of the Lungs

The lungs are nestled in a cavity, shielded by the pleura. The pleura, a form of serous membrane, wraps around each lung. This membrane arrangement consists of two layers: the visceral and parietal pleurae. The visceral pleura lines the surface of the lungIn contrast, the parietal pleura is the outer layer and contacts to the thoracic wall, the mediastinum, and the diaphragm. The hilum is the point of connection between the visceral and parietal layers. The space between the parietal and...
Pressure Relationships in Thoracic Cavity01:24

Pressure Relationships in Thoracic Cavity

Breathing, otherwise known as pulmonary ventilation, is the process of air movement into and out of the lungs. The main mechanisms propelling pulmonary ventilation are atmospheric pressure (Patm), intra-pulmonary (Ppul ) or intra-alveolar pressure (Palv) within the alveoli, and intrapleural pressure (Pip) within the pleural cavity.
Breathing Mechanisms
Both intra-alveolar and intrapleural pressures rely on specific lung properties. The ability to breathe—allowing air to enter the lungs during...
Endoscopic Studies II: Thoracocentesis01:26

Endoscopic Studies II: Thoracocentesis

Thoracentesis(Thoracocentesis), commonly known as pleural tap, is a medical procedure where a 22 gauge needle is inserted into the pleural space, the area between the lung and chest wall. This procedure is commonly performed to diagnose or treat various respiratory disorders.
Description
Excess pleural fluid or air may accumulate in some respiratory disorders in the thoracic cavity. To treat pleural effusion, a physician conducts thoracentesis by carefully piercing the chest wall and entering...
Measurement of Fluid Pressure01:16

Measurement of Fluid Pressure

Fluid pressure is commonly measured using devices called manometers, which rely on liquid columns to indicate pressure differences. The height of a liquid column in a manometer reflects the pressure exerted by the fluid, providing a simple yet effective means of measurement. Different types of manometers serve specific purposes based on their configurations and the type of fluids involved.
A basic form of manometer is the piezometer, a vertical tube open at the top and filled with the same...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Real-Time, Semi-Automated Fluorescent Measurement of the Airway Surface Liquid pH of Primary Human Airway Epithelial Cells
10:18

Real-Time, Semi-Automated Fluorescent Measurement of the Airway Surface Liquid pH of Primary Human Airway Epithelial Cells

Published on: June 13, 2019

Do we measure pleural fluid pH correctly?

Benjamin Putnam1, Azeem Elahi, Mark R Bowling

  • 1Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858, USA.

Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine
|May 16, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Accurate pleural fluid pH measurement is crucial for diagnosing pleural diseases. Blood gas analyzers (BGAs) are superior, yet many labs use inaccurate methods, undermining clinical utility.

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Real-Time, Semi-Automated Fluorescent Measurement of the Airway Surface Liquid pH of Primary Human Airway Epithelial Cells
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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Clinical Chemistry
  • Medical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Pleural fluid pH is a key diagnostic marker for pleural diseases.
  • Inaccurate measurement methods can lead to misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment.
  • Understanding current measurement practices is essential for improving patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the literature on appropriate pleural fluid pH measurement.
  • To assess the methods currently used for pleural fluid pH analysis.
  • To highlight discrepancies between recommended and actual laboratory practices.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review of studies on pleural fluid pH measurement.
  • Analysis of data on laboratory practices and physician awareness regarding pleural fluid pH testing.
  • Comparison of blood gas analyzers (BGAs) with other measurement techniques.

Main Results:

  • Blood gas analyzers (BGAs) are consistently shown to be superior for accurate pleural fluid pH measurement.
  • A significant percentage of laboratories (30-50%) in the US still employ inaccurate methods.
  • Approximately 40% of pulmonologists were unaware of their laboratory's specific method for pleural fluid pH analysis.

Conclusions:

  • The clinical value of pleural fluid pH is compromised by widespread inaccurate measurement techniques.
  • Physicians need to be informed about their laboratory's methodology for pleural fluid pH analysis.
  • Alternative pleural fluid characteristics should be considered if accurate pH measurement is not feasible.