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MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...

MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...

MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...

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Identification of circulating microRNAs in HNF1A-MODY carriers.

C Bonner¹, K C Nyhan, S Bacon

¹Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin, Ireland.

|May 16, 2013

Summary

Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1-alpha Monogenic Diabetes of Youth (HNF1A-MODY) is linked to elevated serum microRNAs (miRNAs), specifically miR-103 and miR-224. These miRNAs can be detected in carriers, aiding in HNF1A-MODY diagnosis.

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Published on: September 20, 2017

Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Molecular Biology
Genetics

Background:

Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1-alpha Monogenic Diabetes of Youth (HNF1A-MODY) is a genetic form of diabetes.
Identifying biomarkers for HNF1A-MODY is crucial for early diagnosis and management.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify specific microRNAs (miRNAs) associated with HNF1A-MODY.
To determine if these miRNAs are detectable in the serum of HNF1A-MODY carriers.

Main Methods:

An miRNA array was performed on rat INS-1 insulinoma cells expressing a common HNF1A mutation.
Differentially expressed miRNAs were validated using quantitative real-time PCR.
Serum miRNA levels were quantified in HNF1A-MODY carriers, MODY-negative controls, and individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Main Results:

Expression of the HNF1A mutation upregulated miR-103, miR-224, and miR-292-3p in cell lines.
miR-103 and miR-224 showed significantly elevated levels in the serum of HNF1A-MODY carriers.
Serum miR-103 levels could differentiate HNF1A-MODY carriers from individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Conclusions:

The pathophysiology of HNF1A-MODY involves the overexpression of miR-103 and miR-224.
These specific miRNAs are detectable in the serum, offering potential as diagnostic biomarkers for HNF1A-MODY.