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Related Concept Videos

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)01:27

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) serves as the primary classification system for mental health disorders, providing standardized diagnostic criteria for clinicians and researchers. First published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in 1952, the DSM has undergone several revisions to reflect evolving psychiatric understanding. The fifth edition, DSM-5, released in 2013, introduced key updates that expanded diagnostic categories and modified diagnostic...
Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
Modeling in Therapy01:26

Modeling in Therapy

Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in situations...
Intellectual Disability01:29

Intellectual Disability

Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning that manifest during the developmental period. This condition encompasses challenges in reasoning, memory, problem-solving, and learning, accompanied by impairments in everyday life skills, such as communication, self-care, and social interactions. Intellectual disability affects approximately 1% of the population in the United States, impacting an estimated 5...
Theoretical Approaches to Psychological Disorder01:29

Theoretical Approaches to Psychological Disorder

The development of psychological disorders, which are characterized by deviant, maladaptive, and personally distressing behaviors, has been explored through several theoretical approaches.
Biological approach
The biological approach posits that internal, organic factors are the primary causes of such disorders. This perspective emphasizes brain structure and function, genetic predispositions, and neurotransmitter imbalances. For example, schizophrenia has been associated with both genetic...
Learning Disabilities01:25

Learning Disabilities

Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...

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Paradigms for Behavioral Assessment in Drosophila Model of Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Autism in DSM-5: progress and challenges.

Fred R Volkmar1, Brian Reichow

  • 1Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, PO Box 207900, New Haven, CT 06520-7900, USA. fred.volkmar@yale.edu.

Molecular Autism
|May 17, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Diagnostic criteria changes for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) impact research and clinical services. While many DSM-IV diagnosed cases retain an ASD diagnosis under new guidelines, diagnostic efficiency decreases with limited information, especially outside research settings.

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Strategies for Assessing Autistic-Like Behaviors in Mice
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Area of Science:

  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Psychiatric Diagnostics

Background:

  • Autism diagnosis has evolved since Kanner's initial description, with significant research growth following the DSM-IV publication.
  • The latest edition, DSM-5, introduces diagnostic changes presenting both advancements and potential challenges in autism assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and summarize research concerning diagnostic changes in autism.
  • To evaluate the impact of new diagnostic criteria on autism identification and classification.

Main Methods:

  • A summary of various relevant research studies on autism diagnostic criteria.
  • Analysis of diagnostic instrument availability and its effect on case classification.

Main Results:

  • Many individuals diagnosed with autism under DSM-IV criteria maintain their diagnosis with available research instruments.
  • Diagnostic system efficiency declines when relying on a single information source or when criteria are applied outside research contexts.
  • The impact of diagnostic shifts is most pronounced in cognitively able individuals and those with atypical autism presentations.

Conclusions:

  • Discontinuities in autism diagnostic practices pose challenges for both research continuity and clinical service provision.
  • The long-term impact of DSM-5 diagnostic changes on autism research and clinical practice remains to be fully determined.