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Related Concept Videos

Asthma-I: Introduction01:29

Asthma-I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...
Upper Respiratory Drugs: Antitussives, Expectorants, and Mucolytics01:23

Upper Respiratory Drugs: Antitussives, Expectorants, and Mucolytics

Respiratory symptoms, such as congestion and cough, commonly accompany respiratory tract conditions. Various medications, such as antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics, play crucial roles in providing relief.
Antitussives include codeine, dextromethorphan (Robitussin), and benzonatate (Tessalon). Codeine and dextromethorphan exert their effects centrally by suppressing the cough reflex center in the medulla.  Benzonatate operates peripherally within the respiratory tract by anesthetizing...
Types of Toxins01:36

Types of Toxins

Humans continually engage with an environment rich in potentially harmful chemicals. These are introduced to our bodies through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. These chemicals exist in various forms, such as air and environmental pollutants, agricultural chemicals, organic solvents, and heavy metals.
Air pollutants, primarily gases, pose significant threats to respiratory health, leading to conditions like hypoxia, lung cancer, and in extreme cases, death.
Environmental pollutants like...
Breathing01:05

Breathing

The process of breathing, inhaling and exhaling, involves the coordinated movement of the chest wall, the lungs, and the muscles that move them. Two muscle groups with important roles in breathing are the diaphragm, located directly below the lungs, and the intercostal muscles, which lie between the ribs. When the diaphragm contracts, it moves downward, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and creating more room for the lungs to expand. When the intercostal muscles contract, the ribs...
Asthma I: Introduction01:28

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...
Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...

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A Modified QuEChERS-HPLC Method for Detection of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Zebrafish Embryos Exposed to Fine Particulate Matter
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Does ambient air pollution trigger stillbirth?

Ambarina S Faiz1, George G Rhoads, Kitaw Demissie

  • 1University of Medicine and Dentistry New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA. faizas@umdnj.edu

Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)
|May 17, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sudden increases in air pollution like carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide just before delivery are linked to a higher risk of stillbirth. These findings highlight the immediate impact of air quality on fetal health.

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A Modified QuEChERS-HPLC Method for Detection of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Zebrafish Embryos Exposed to Fine Particulate Matter
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Published on: July 12, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Reproductive Epidemiology
  • Air Pollution Toxicology

Background:

  • Previous research indicated a link between trimester-specific air pollutant exposure and stillbirth risk.
  • The immediate impact of acute air pollution exposure preceding delivery on stillbirth occurrence requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if sudden increases in ambient air pollutant concentrations immediately before delivery trigger stillbirth.
  • To investigate the association between short-term air pollution exposure and stillbirth risk.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized New Jersey linked fetal death and hospital discharge data (1998-2004).
  • Assessed hourly concentrations of PM2.5, CO, NO2, and SO2 from the closest monitor to maternal residence.
  • Employed a time-stratified case-crossover design with conditional logistic regression.

Main Results:

  • An increased odds of stillbirth was observed with interquartile range increases in CO (OR=1.20) and SO2 (OR=1.11) 2 days before delivery.
  • Similar associations were found for NO2 and PM2.5, and for pollutant increases 2-6 days prior to delivery.
  • Maternal risk factors did not modify these observed associations.

Conclusions:

  • Short-term elevations in ambient air pollutant concentrations immediately preceding delivery may act as a trigger for stillbirth.
  • The findings underscore the critical role of acute air quality changes in fetal mortality.