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Related Concept Videos

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:25

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Acute pancreatitis is the sudden inflammation of the pancreas caused by the early activation of digestive enzymes, leading to the autodigestion of pancreatic tissue. This results in local inflammation and, in severe cases, systemic complications.EtiologyUnderstanding the underlying causes is crucial, as identifying the etiology guides treatment and anticipates complications. Acute pancreatitis can be triggered by various factors, typically grouped into the following clinical categories.Biliary...
Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas, an organ located behind the stomach. It can be either acute or chronic.
Acute pancreatitis is characterized by rapid inflammation of the pancreas, often caused by factors like gallstone blockage or excessive alcohol consumption. Chronic pancreatitis, on the other hand, is a slow, progressive inflammation that may result from long-term alcohol abuse, obstructions in the pancreatic duct, or genetic factors.
The causes of acute pancreatitis include:
Acute Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology01:21

Acute Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis centers on injury to pancreatic acinar cells, which initiates a cascade of harmful intracellular events.This injury leads to premature activation of trypsinogen to trypsin in the pancreas. Trypsin then activates other digestive enzymes, such as chymotrypsin, elastase, and phospholipase A2, which begin breaking down pancreatic tissue. The resulting autodigestion causes local inflammation, tissue swelling, hemorrhage, and fat necrosis.Injured acinar cells...
Acute Pancreatitis II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:30

Acute Pancreatitis II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

Acute pancreatitis presents a complex medical emergency characterized by rapid onset inflammation of the pancreas, demanding timely diagnosis and management to prevent complications. The condition primarily manifests through severe upper abdominal pain that often radiates to the back. This pain intensifies following the consumption of fatty foods. Accompanying symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal distention, fever, dyspnea, cyanosis, and jaundice can vary in intensity but significantly...
Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic pancreatitis is a long-standing, relapsing inflammation of the pancreas, characterized by irreversible damage to the gland. It results in progressive destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma, fibrosis, and eventual loss of both exocrine and endocrine function. The disease may evolve gradually after multiple episodes of acute pancreatitis or develop independently.EtiologyChronic pancreatitis can arise from a variety of causes:Alcohol use is the leading cause, accounting for 70–80% of...
Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:24

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, which occurs when the immune system becomes active and causes swelling, pain, and disruptions in organ function. Pancreatitis can manifest as either an acute or chronic condition.
Acute pancreatitis arises suddenly and lasts for a brief duration, while chronic pancreatitis is a long-term affliction...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Retroperitoneal Laparoscopic Debridement and Drainage for Pancreatic Abscess
03:42

Retroperitoneal Laparoscopic Debridement and Drainage for Pancreatic Abscess

Published on: March 15, 2024

Pancreatic trauma.

R Lahiri1, S Bhattacharya

  • 1Barts Health NHS Trust, UK. rajlahiri@doctors.org.uk

Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England
|May 17, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pancreatic trauma diagnosis requires high suspicion and imaging. Main pancreatic duct injury is the key prognostic factor, necessitating expert hepatopancreaticobiliary (HPB) surgical involvement for optimal management.

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Application of Mid-Pancreatectomy with End-to-End Anastomosis in Pancreatic Benign Tumors
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Application of Mid-Pancreatectomy with End-to-End Anastomosis in Pancreatic Benign Tumors

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Last Updated: May 11, 2026

Retroperitoneal Laparoscopic Debridement and Drainage for Pancreatic Abscess
03:42

Retroperitoneal Laparoscopic Debridement and Drainage for Pancreatic Abscess

Published on: March 15, 2024

Application of Mid-Pancreatectomy with End-to-End Anastomosis in Pancreatic Benign Tumors
02:20

Application of Mid-Pancreatectomy with End-to-End Anastomosis in Pancreatic Benign Tumors

Published on: February 9, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Trauma Surgery
  • Surgical Gastroenterology
  • Abdominal Imaging

Background:

  • Pancreatic trauma is a rare but severe injury, occurring in ~4% of abdominal trauma cases.
  • Severe pancreatic injuries are linked to significant morbidity and mortality.
  • Prompt resuscitation and investigation are crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diagnosis and management of pancreatic trauma.
  • To highlight the importance of identifying pancreatic duct injuries.
  • To emphasize the role of specialized hepatopancreaticobiliary (HPB) teams.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature search of PubMed using relevant keywords.
  • Inclusion of relevant articles from international journals published in English.
  • Review and selection of articles by both authors for relevance.

Main Results:

  • Pancreatic trauma often presents with non-specific symptoms; serum amylase is not a reliable diagnostic marker.
  • Computed tomography (CT) is effective for diagnosing pancreatic injury but not ductal disruption.
  • Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) or operative pancreatography are best for visualizing duct injuries.

Conclusions:

  • High index of suspicion and advanced imaging are vital for diagnosing pancreatic trauma.
  • Grading pancreatic injuries is essential for guiding surgical decisions.
  • Main pancreatic duct disruption is the critical prognostic factor, requiring experienced HPB surgeon intervention.