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Related Concept Videos

Translational Regulation01:29

Translational Regulation

Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
Genomics02:02

Genomics

Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...
Transcriptional Regulation: Riboswitches01:23

Transcriptional Regulation: Riboswitches

Riboswitches are RNA elements that regulate gene expression by altering their secondary structures in response to specific effector molecules. These elements, located in the leader regions of certain mRNAs, act as transcriptional regulators by toggling between alternative conformations to control downstream gene expression. Riboswitch-mediated regulation is a precise mechanism for modulating biosynthetic pathways, as exemplified by the riboflavin biosynthesis pathway in Bacillus...

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Polysome Purification from Soybean Symbiotic Nodules
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Polysome Purification from Soybean Symbiotic Nodules

Published on: July 1, 2022

Translation regulation gets its 'omics' moment.

Scott Kuersten1, Agnes Radek, Christine Vogel

  • 1Epicentre (An Illumina Company), Madison, WI, USA.

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. RNA
|May 17, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Understanding cellular RNA fate requires advanced tools beyond RNAseq. Ribosome profiling measures protein-RNA complexes, revealing translation regulation and bridging gene expression with protein quantification for a systems biology view.

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Published on: September 10, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Systems Biology

Background:

  • Cellular RNA fate is governed by intricate protein-RNA interactions within ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes.
  • Standard RNA sequencing (RNAseq) alone is insufficient to capture the dynamic regulatory processes affecting RNA, impacting understanding of cellular fate, environmental responses, and gene expression regulation.
  • A deeper understanding of post-transcriptional and translational gene regulation is crucial for systems biology approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the need for advanced tools to measure protein-RNA complexes and associated regulatory processes.
  • To introduce ribosome profiling as a key technique for investigating translation efficiency and regulation.
  • To emphasize the potential of integrating ribosome profiling with other methods for a comprehensive view of gene regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Ribosome profiling to determine mRNA positional information of ribosome occupancy.
  • Integration of ribosome profiling with techniques such as RNA immunoprecipitation, miRNA profiling, and proteomics.
  • Analysis of translation initiation, elongation, and termination dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Ribosome profiling provides insights into translation efficiency and the interplay of translation steps.
  • Combined approaches offer a novel perspective on global post-transcriptional and translational gene regulation.
  • Identification of novel regulatory elements, including alternative open reading frames, and translation regulation under diverse conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Ribosome profiling is a powerful technique for bridging the gap between RNA expression and protein output.
  • Integrative analyses using ribosome profiling enhance our understanding of complex gene regulatory networks.
  • These advanced methods are essential for a systems-level comprehension of cellular RNA biology and its implications in disease and response.