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Related Concept Videos

Refrigerators and Heat Pumps01:07

Refrigerators and Heat Pumps

Refrigerators or heat pumps are heat engines operating in a reverse direction. For a refrigerator, the focus is on removing heat from a specific area, whereas, for a heat pump, the focus is on dumping heat into one particular area. A refrigerator (or heat pump) absorbs heat Qc from the cold reservoir at Kelvin temperature Tc and discards heat Qh to the hot reservoir at Kelvin temperature Th, while work W is done on the engine’s working substance.
A household refrigerator removes heat from the...
Heat Capacities of an Ideal Gas III01:25

Heat Capacities of an Ideal Gas III

The number of independent ways a gas molecule can move along straight line, rotate, and vibrate is called its degrees of freedom. Supposing d represents the number of degrees of freedom of an ideal gas, the molar heat capacity at constant volume of an ideal gas in terms of d is
Heat Capacities of an Ideal Gas II01:23

Heat Capacities of an Ideal Gas II

For a system that undergoes a thermodynamic process at a constant volume condition, the heat absorbed is used only to increase the system's internal energy and not for doing any kind of work. While for a system undergoing a thermodynamic process under a constant pressure condition, the amount of heat absorbed is used not only for increasing the internal energy (as a function of temperature) but also for doing some work. The molar heat capacity is the amount of heat required to increase the...
Heat Capacities of an Ideal Gas I01:14

Heat Capacities of an Ideal Gas I

Heat capacity is the ratio of heat absorbed by the substance corresponding to its temperature change. It is also called thermal capacity and the SI unit of heat capacity is J/K. Whereas, specific heat capacity is defined as the amount of heat necessary to change the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1 K and is also called massic heat capacity. Its SI unit is J/kg⋅K.
Molar heat capacity quantifies the ratio of the amount of heat added (or removed) to increase (or decrease) the temperature of...
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) comprises several components: a radiation source, an atomizer, a monochromator, and a detector. The radiation source can be a hollow-cathode lamp (HCL) or an electrodeless-discharge lamp (EDL), both of which provide a narrow emission line of the required wavelength. However, some instruments use continuum sources and high-resolution monochromators to achieve a narrow range of radiation.
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Thermodynamic Potentials01:26

Thermodynamic Potentials

Thermodynamic potentials are state functions that are extremely useful in analyzing a thermodynamic system. They have dimensions of energy. The four important thermodynamic potentials are internal energy, enthalpy, Helmholtz free energy, and Gibbs free energy. These thermodynamic potentials can be expressed using two of the following variables: pressure, volume, temperature, and entropy. These two variables are expressed as the rate of change of the thermodynamic potential with respect to other...

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Updated: May 11, 2026

Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving
11:21

Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving

Published on: March 30, 2017

Performance bound for quantum absorption refrigerators.

Luis A Correa1, José P Palao, Gerardo Adesso

  • 1School of Mathematical Sciences, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom. lacorrea@ull.es

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|May 18, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Quantum absorption refrigerators using three qubits can approach Carnot efficiency. However, dissipation effects limit their performance to 75% of the Carnot limit, with delocalized dissipation being a key factor.

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Last Updated: May 11, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum thermodynamics
  • Quantum information science
  • Solid-state physics

Background:

  • A three-qubit quantum absorption chiller model was proposed, theoretically achieving Carnot performance.
  • Understanding the practical efficiency limitations of such quantum refrigerators is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the working efficiency of quantum absorption refrigerators considering dissipation.
  • To determine the theoretical upper bound for the coefficient of performance at maximum cooling power.

Main Methods:

  • Consistent treatment of dissipation effects in the three-qubit quantum absorption chiller model.
  • Analysis of the coefficient of performance under varying operating conditions and system parameters.

Main Results:

  • The coefficient of performance is fundamentally upper bounded by 75% of the Carnot performance.
  • This bound is independent of specific system details and bath equilibrium temperatures.
  • Design strategies are proposed to approach this bound for large temperature differences.

Conclusions:

  • Delocalized dissipation is identified as a primary source of irreversibility, preventing ideal Carnot efficiency.
  • Quantum correlations may play a role in optimizing refrigerator performance.
  • Practical quantum refrigeration efficiency is limited by fundamental thermodynamic constraints.