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Related Concept Videos

Characteristics of Fluids01:20

Characteristics of Fluids

When a force is applied parallel to the top surface of a solid, it resists the applied force due to the internal frictional forces between the layers of the solid known as shearing resistance. However, when the force is removed, the shearing forces restore the original shape of the solid. Other deformation forces also cause temporary changes in shape if the forces are not beyond a threshold magnitude. Solids tend to retain their shape, making the study of their rest and motion easier. Beyond...
Characteristics of Fluids01:31

Characteristics of Fluids

Fluids differ from solids primarily in their molecular structure and stress response. Solids have tightly packed molecules with strong intermolecular forces, maintaining their shape and resisting deformation. In contrast, fluids have molecules spaced farther apart with weaker forces, allowing them to flow and deform easily.
Fluids, which include both liquids and gases, are substances that deform continuously under shearing stress. For example, water and oil are liquids with molecules that can...
Types of Fluids01:27

Types of Fluids

Fluids can be classified into Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids based on their response to shear stress. Newtonian fluids have a linear relationship between shear stress and the shear strain rate, following Newton's law of viscosity. Their viscosity remains constant regardless of the shear rate, making their behavior predictable and easier to analyze. Common examples include water, air, oil, and gasoline.
In contrast, non-Newtonian fluids do not follow Newton's law of viscosity, and their...
The Colloidal State01:29

The Colloidal State

The formation of a colloidal system is exemplified by an aqueous solution containing Cl− ions is introduced to another containing Ag+ ions, resulting in the precipitation of solid AgCl as extremely tiny crystals. Instead of settling out as a filterable precipitate, these crystals remain suspended in the liquid, showcasing a colloidal system.A colloidal system involves colloidal particles within the approximate range of 1 to 1000 nm in at least one dimension, dispersed in a medium called the...
Accelerating Fluids01:17

Accelerating Fluids

When a fluid is in constant acceleration, the pressure and buoyant force equations are modified. Suppose a beaker is placed in an elevator accelerating upward with a constant acceleration, a. In the beaker, assume there is a thin cylinder of height h with an infinitesimal cross-sectional area, ΔS.
The motion of the liquid within this infinitesimal cylinder is considered to obtain the pressure difference. Three vertical forces act on this liquid:
Laminar and Turbulent Flow01:07

Laminar and Turbulent Flow

Fluid dynamics is the study of fluids in motion. Velocity vectors are often used to illustrate fluid motion in applications like meteorology. For example, wind—the fluid motion of air in the atmosphere—can be represented by vectors indicating the speed and direction of the wind at any given point on a map. Another method for representing fluid motion is a streamline. A streamline represents the path of a small volume of fluid as it flows. When the flow pattern changes with time, the streamlines...

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An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids
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Localized fluidization in a granular medium.

P Philippe1, M Badiane

  • 1Irstea, UR OHAX, 3275 route de Cézanne, CS40061, Aix-en-Provence, F-13182 France.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|May 18, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study visualizes granular fluidization using optical techniques. We observed distinct fluidization regimes and significant hysteresis during defluidization due to force arches.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Granular Mechanics
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Understanding granular flow is crucial in various industrial processes.
  • Localized upward flow in immersed granular beds can lead to complex fluidization phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally investigate the progressive development of fluidized zones in immersed granular beds.
  • To characterize different fluidization regimes and analyze hysteresis effects.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized refractive index matching and planar laser-induced fluorescence for visualization.
  • Employed glass beads as the granular medium and a localized upward liquid flow.
  • Systematically varied injection rates and studied orifice interactions.

Main Results:

  • Identified three distinct regimes: static bed, non-opening fluidized cavity, and full fluidized chimney.
  • Observed strong hysteresis during defluidization, attributed to force arch formation.
  • Quantified fluidized cavity expansion rates and analyzed multi-orifice interactions.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a detailed phase diagram of granular fluidization regimes.
  • Force arch formation significantly influences the defluidization process, explaining observed hysteresis.
  • Results offer insights into granular flow control and design for applications involving fluidized beds.