Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking the...
The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Genetic and Congenital Cytomegalovirus-Related Hearing Loss in Children: Volumetric MRI Analysis of Auditory and Visual Cortices.

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology·2026
Same author

Impacts of hearing history, etiology, vestibular and balance function, and socioeconomic marginalization on developmental outcomes in children with cochlear implants.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Assessment of neural and MAP level asymmetries in a large cohort of children with bilateral cochlear implants.

Hearing research·2026
Same author

Usage patterns in children receiving an active osseointegrated bone conduction implant.

International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology·2026
Same author

Benefits of Bilateral Bone Conduction Device Use Including Osia Devices in Children and Adolescents With Bilateral Atresia.

Trends in hearing·2026
Same author

Long-Term Stability of Electrical Stimulation in Children with Bilateral Cochlear Implants.

Trends in hearing·2025
Same journal

The middle-latency components of somatosensory evoked potentials help to predict the outcome in of post-anoxic coma: a monocentric study.

Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology·2026
Same journal

Multimodal intraoperative monitoring of facial nerve function: combined use of blink reflex and corticobulbar motor evoked potentials.

Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology·2026
Same journal

The contribution of trapezius and sternocleidomastoideus motor evoked potentials in the diagnosis of Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology·2026
Same journal

Modulating corticospinal excitability with transcranial ultrasound stimulation: meta-analytic evidence of online and offline effects.

Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology·2026
Same journal

Fast oscillations as useful biomarkers of the degree of epileptogenicity in each generalized epilepsy syndrome.

Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology·2026
Same journal

Neuropsychological, biological, and electrophysiological outcomes of gamma-tACS in MCI-AD: A case series.

Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages
06:04

Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages

Published on: March 24, 2023

Central auditory development after long-term cochlear implant use.

Salima Jiwani1, Blake C Papsin, Karen A Gordon

  • 1Archie's Cochlear Implant Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. s.jiwani@mail.utoronto.ca

Clinical Neurophysiology : Official Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology
|May 18, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Long-term cochlear implant use in children leads to mature-like auditory cortical responses. However, some differences from normal hearing persist even after a decade of auditory input.

Keywords:
Auditory cortex/brainChild/adolescentCochlear implant/electrical stimulationDeafness/hearing lossElectrophysiology/auditory evoked potentialLong-term development

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 11, 2026

Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages
06:04

Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages

Published on: March 24, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Auditory Neuroscience
  • Developmental Neuroscience

Background:

  • Children with cochlear implants (CIs) experience altered auditory development.
  • Understanding long-term cortical auditory development in pediatric CI users is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if long-term cortical auditory development is altered or delayed in children with unilateral CIs compared to normal-hearing peers.
  • To test the hypothesis that limited bilateral auditory deprivation allows for a normal cortical development trajectory.

Main Methods:

  • Recorded electrically-evoked cortical responses in 79 children with unilateral CIs and 58 normal-hearing children.
  • Analyzed amplitude differences in responses between 0 and 300 ms.
  • Children with CIs had early implantation (2.03 ± 1.36 years) and up to ~16 years of time-in-sound.

Main Results:

  • Cortical responses in CI users remained different from normal-hearing peers even after 10 years of time-in-sound.
  • The typical P(1)-N(1)-P(2)-N(2) complex emerged by 10 years, but with abnormally large P(2) and N(2) amplitudes.
  • Differences in cortical responses decreased over time but were not eliminated.

Conclusions:

  • Mature-like cortical responses develop with long-term unilateral CI use.
  • Persistent differences suggest potential roles for increased attention or multisensory processing in CI users.
  • Maturation of cortical responses may underlie functional hearing improvements.