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Updated: May 11, 2026

A Multicenter MRI Protocol for the Evaluation and Quantification of Deep Vein Thrombosis
Published on: June 2, 2015
Thrombin split products (prothrombin fragment 1 + 2) in urine in patients with suspected deep vein thrombosis
Fredrik Wexels1, Anniken Haslund, Ola E Dahl
1Department of Radiology, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway. fredrik.wexels@vestreviken.no
Introduction:
The appearance of prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 (F1 + 2) in urine has been associated with postoperative hypercoagulability and thromboembolism. We wanted to assess if F1 + 2 was released in urine (uF1 + 2) in patients with procoagulant disorders, and if higher levels were found in patients with radiological verified deep vein thrombosis (DVT).
Materials And Methods:
Consecutive patients were interviewed on comorbidities and medications. An unselected total cohort (n = 534) and a control cohort (n = 177) were analysed. A urine sample (10 ml) was collected and snap frozen before levels of uF1 + 2 were measured with an ELISA kit. Visualisation of DVT was done with compression ultrasound, supplied with venography when feasible. All patients were followed up for 3-6 months.
Results:
DVT was diagnosed in 108/534 patients. Statistical significant higher uF1 + 2 levels were found in patients with DVT (p < 0.001), in DVT positive patients with ongoing malignancy (p = 0.034) and in pregnant women compared to the control cohort (p < 0.001). Non-significant increased urine concentrations were found in DVT positive vs. DVT negative patients with infections and traumas.
Conclusions:
Levels of uF1 + 2 was associated with DVT both in the total cohort and in the control cohort as well as in most patients with coexisting conditions.
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