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Updated: May 11, 2026

Left Atrial Stenosis Induced Pulmonary Venous Arterialization and Group 2 Pulmonary Hypertension in Rat
Published on: November 18, 2018
Hepatopulmonary syndrome and portopulmonary hypertension
Ricardo Restrepo1, Esmé F Singer, Michael Baram
1Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Abstract:
Hepatopulmonary syndrome and portopulmonary hypertension are 2 of many diseases that affect the lungs in patients with liver disease. The 2 vascular conditions are often confused. We review both hepatopulmonary syndrome and portopulmonary hypertension to better understand their pathophysiologies, clinical presentations, tools to aid in differentiating and diagnosing the disease states, treatment options, and influences on patient prognosis. We also consider patient viability for liver transplantation.
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