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Related Concept Videos

Dementia01:30

Dementia

Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
The progression of dementia is generally gradual.
Dementia l: Introduction01:22

Dementia l: Introduction

Dementia is an acquired, progressive syndrome characterized by a decline in multiple cognitive domains severe enough to impair daily functioning and reduce independence. Although memory loss is a central feature, the diagnosis requires additional deficits involving language, executive function, visuospatial skills, judgment, calculation, or abstract reasoning. These cognitive impairments reflect underlying neurodegenerative or vascular processes that gradually disrupt neuronal networks...
Alzheimer's Disease: Overview01:26

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ and tau...
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Cognitive enhancers, also known as "smart drugs," are substances used to enhance memory, mental alertness, and concentration. These can be natural or synthetic and improve cognition in conditions like Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. Some common examples include caffeine, amphetamines, methylphenidate, modafinil, arecoline, donepezil, vortioxetine, and piracetam. These enhancers work on the principle of synaptic plasticity and altered circuit function. They...
Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction01:29

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Alzheimer disease is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in older adults. It leads to gradual neuronal loss, causing cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and loss of functional independence.Risk Factors and EtiologyThe disease is multifactorial. Age is the strongest risk factor, with prevalence doubling every 5 years after age 65. Genetic factors include mutations in genes such as APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2, which are associated...
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Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

A Machine Learning Approach to Design an Efficient Selective Screening of Mild Cognitive Impairment
12:18

A Machine Learning Approach to Design an Efficient Selective Screening of Mild Cognitive Impairment

Published on: January 11, 2020

Mediterranean diet, cognitive function, and dementia: a systematic review.

Ilianna Lourida1, Maya Soni, Joanna Thompson-Coon

  • 1Peninsula Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom.

Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)
|May 18, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Adhering to a Mediterranean diet is linked to better cognitive function and a lower risk of Alzheimer disease. More research is needed for mild cognitive impairment and vascular dementia.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 11, 2026

A Machine Learning Approach to Design an Efficient Selective Screening of Mild Cognitive Impairment
12:18

A Machine Learning Approach to Design an Efficient Selective Screening of Mild Cognitive Impairment

Published on: January 11, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Nutrition Science
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Mediterranean diet adherence is linked to reduced risk of age-related diseases, including dementia.
  • Previous reviews on this topic have been narrative, lacking systematic synthesis.
  • No systematic review has comprehensively analyzed studies on Mediterranean diet adherence and cognitive outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and synthesize existing research on the association between Mediterranean diet adherence and cognitive function or dementia.
  • To evaluate the consistency and strength of evidence linking Mediterranean diet adherence to cognitive health.
  • To identify gaps in the literature regarding specific cognitive conditions like mild cognitive impairment and vascular dementia.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of 11 electronic databases (including Medline) and supplementary sources up to January 2012.
  • Independent dual review for study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment.
  • Inclusion criteria focused on studies examining Mediterranean diet adherence scores and cognitive function or dementia.

Main Results:

  • Twelve papers (11 observational, 1 RCT) from seven cohorts were identified.
  • Nine out of 12 studies showed higher Mediterranean diet adherence associated with better cognitive function, slower decline, and reduced Alzheimer's disease risk.
  • Associations with mild cognitive impairment were inconsistent across studies.

Conclusions:

  • Greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet appears associated with slower cognitive decline and a lower risk of Alzheimer's disease.
  • Further research is recommended to clarify the diet's impact on mild cognitive impairment and vascular dementia.
  • Long-term randomized controlled trials are suggested to establish causality in preventing or delaying dementia onset.