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Respiratory syncytial virus infection in children with severe motor and intellectual disabilities

S Onoyama1, T Hoshina, S Honjo

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.

European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases : Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology
|May 18, 2013
PubMed

Insights

Children with severe motor intellectual disabilities (SMID) face higher risks from respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI). These children require improved prevention and treatment strategies for RSV infections.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Neurology
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Children with severe motor intellectual disabilities (SMID) are a vulnerable population with increased mortality risk from acute viral lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI).
  • Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a primary cause of viral LRTI in children, yet its specific impact on children with SMID requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the influence and clinical outcomes of RSV-LRTI in children diagnosed with SMID.
  • To compare the clinical presentation and laboratory findings of RSV-LRTI between children with and without SMID.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study was conducted over five RSV seasons, comparing 18 children with SMID to 43 previously healthy children hospitalized for RSV-LRTI.
  • Clinical data and laboratory results were analyzed to identify differences between the SMID and non-SMID groups.

Main Results:

  • Children with SMID were older upon hospitalization and showed an increased need for ventilation support.
  • The SMID group exhibited significantly higher neutrophil counts and a lower incidence of bacterial co-infection.
  • SMID was independently associated with prolonged oxygen use (OR 5.309, p=0.033), indicating a higher risk of hypoxia.

Conclusions:

  • Children with SMID are particularly susceptible to developing hypoxia due to RSV-LRTI.
  • Current treatment and prevention strategies for RSV infection necessitate enhancement for the SMID pediatric population.

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