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Related Concept Videos

Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility, suggesting a...
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
The Endocrine System01:29

The Endocrine System

The endocrine system is an extensive network of glands – organs or tissues in the body that create chemicals that control many bodily functions, that secrete hormones, which are chemical messengers that play essential roles in regulating various bodily functions. These hormones are secreted into the bloodstream and travel throughout the body. They require specific receptors to convey signals to cells possessing these corresponding receptors. This complex signaling mechanism ensures that every...
Adrenal Gland Disorders01:27

Adrenal Gland Disorders

Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
Adrenal insufficiency, characterized by insufficient cortisol and aldosterone production, leads to conditions like Addison's disease. This disorder, affecting the adrenal cortex, exhibits symptoms such as skin bronzing, dehydration, low blood pressure, fatigue, and weight loss. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a genetic ailment causing...
Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
Hormonal Regulation01:33

Hormonal Regulation

The renin-aldosterone system is an endocrine system which guides the renal absorption of water and electrolytes, thus managing blood pressure and osmoregulation. Activation of the system begins in the kidneys with a small cluster of cells adjacent to the afferent and efferent blood vessels of the renal corpuscle. As the nephrons are filtering blood, juxtaglomerular cells monitor blood pressure. If they detect a decrease in pressure, they release the hormone renin into the bloodstream.

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Updated: May 11, 2026

Disruption of the Mouse Blood-Brain Barrier by Small Extracellular Vesicles from Hypoxic Human Placentas
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Endocrine disease in pregnancy.

Charlotte J Frise1, Catherine Williamson

  • 1John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, UK.

Clinical Medicine (London, England)
|May 18, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Pregnancy impacts endocrine disorders, with uncontrolled conditions posing risks to both mother and fetus. Early diagnosis is key, despite overlapping symptoms and altered lab ranges during gestation.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Obstetrics
  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine

Background:

  • Endocrine diseases are prevalent during pregnancy.
  • Well-controlled endocrine conditions generally have minimal impact on maternal or fetal health.
  • Uncontrolled or newly diagnosed endocrine disorders can lead to significant maternal morbidity and adverse fetal outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize common endocrine disorders encountered in pregnancy.
  • To describe how pregnancy affects the investigation and management of endocrine diseases.
  • To outline the potential effects of endocrine disorders on the fetus.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of endocrine disorders in pregnancy.
  • Analysis of diagnostic challenges due to overlapping symptoms and physiological changes.

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Using a Murine Model of Psychosocial Stress in Pregnancy as a Translationally Relevant Paradigm for Psychiatric Disorders in Mothers and Infants

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Using a Murine Model of Psychosocial Stress in Pregnancy as a Translationally Relevant Paradigm for Psychiatric Disorders in Mothers and Infants
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  • Discussion of treatment modifications and fetal impact.

    • Main Results:

    • Pregnancy alters the presentation and diagnostic criteria for endocrine conditions.
    • Transplacental transfer of maternal antibodies can cause fetal or neonatal complications.
    • Management strategies require adaptation to physiological changes during gestation.

    Conclusions:

    • Effective management of endocrine disorders is crucial for favorable maternal and fetal outcomes.
    • Understanding pregnancy-specific alterations in endocrine function is vital for accurate diagnosis and treatment.
    • This review highlights the importance of vigilant monitoring and tailored care for pregnant individuals with endocrine conditions.