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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Expanding Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes from Umbilical Cord Blood that Target Cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr Virus, and Adenovirus
11:18

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Published on: May 7, 2012

Jump-starting the T cells in CLL.

James B Johnston1

  • 1University of Manitoba.

Blood
|May 18, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Researchers found that T-cell immune synapse function improves in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients. This enhancement is achievable through reducing cancer cell load with immunochemotherapy or using the drug lenalidomide.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Hematology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a B-cell malignancy where T-cell dysfunction impairs anti-tumor immunity.
  • The T-cell immune synapse is critical for T-cell activation and function in orchestrating immune responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate methods for enhancing T-cell immune synapse function in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
  • To determine if reducing tumor burden or specific pharmacological interventions can restore T-cell function in CLL.

Main Methods:

  • The study analyzed T-cell immune synapse parameters in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients.
  • Evaluated the impact of immunochemotherapy-induced reduction in tumor burden on T-cell function.
  • Assessed the effect of lenalidomide treatment on T-cell immune synapse efficiency.

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Main Results:

  • T-cell immune synapse function was found to be impaired in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
  • Reducing tumor burden through immunochemotherapy led to significant improvements in T-cell synapse function.
  • Treatment with lenalidomide also demonstrated a notable enhancement of T-cell immune synapse function.

Conclusions:

  • T-cell immune synapse function can be restored in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
  • Both reducing the cancer cell load and lenalidomide treatment represent viable strategies to improve T-cell mediated anti-leukemic immunity.