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Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Coordination Number and Geometry02:57

Coordination Number and Geometry

For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
Variables Affecting Phosphorescence and Fluorescence01:26

Variables Affecting Phosphorescence and Fluorescence

Fluorescence and phosphorescence are essential phenomena in fields like analytical chemistry, biological imaging, and materials science, where they detect molecular properties and visualize cellular structures. Understanding the variables that influence these luminescent behaviors is crucial for maximizing accuracy and efficiency in their applications. These variables can broadly be grouped into chemical structure, solvent properties, and external conditions, each playing a distinct role in...
Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur02:30

Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur

Chirality is most prevalent in carbon-based tetrahedral compounds, but this important facet of molecular symmetry extends to sp3-hybridized nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur centers, including trivalent molecules with lone pairs. Here, the lone pair behaves as a functional group in addition to the other three substituents to form an analogous tetrahedral center that can be chiral.
A consequence of chirality is the need for enantiomeric resolution. While this is theoretically possible for all...
Colors and Magnetism03:02

Colors and Magnetism

Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human eye.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Experimental Approaches for the Synthesis of Low-Valent Metal-Organic Frameworks from Multitopic Phosphine Linkers
07:14

Experimental Approaches for the Synthesis of Low-Valent Metal-Organic Frameworks from Multitopic Phosphine Linkers

Published on: May 12, 2023

Shape-persistent (Pt-salphen)2 phosphorescent coordination frameworks: structural insights and selective

Zhengqing Guo1, Shek-Man Yiu, Michael C W Chan

  • 1Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P.R. China.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|May 18, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New platinum(II) aromatic Schiff base (salphen) complexes act as luminescent sensors. These molecular frameworks show selective responses to metal ions like lead(II) by altering their light emission properties.

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08:46

Preparation and Reactivity of a Triphosphenium Bromide Salt: A Convenient and Stable Source of Phosphorus(I)

Published on: November 22, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Coordination Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Development of molecular frameworks based on binuclear platinum(II) aromatic Schiff base (salphen) complexes.
  • Synthesis of axially rotating (Pt-salphen)2 luminophores tethered by rigid linkers.
  • Investigation of supramolecular chemistry and potential guest-binding capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Synthesize and characterize novel (Pt-salphen)2 luminophores.
  • Investigate their photophysical, solvatochromic, and metal-ion sensing properties.
  • Elucidate the structural and electronic factors influencing luminescence and guest binding.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of binuclear platinum(II) complexes with aromatic Schiff base ligands.
  • X-ray crystallography for structural determination.
  • Spectroscopic techniques (UV-Vis absorption, emission spectroscopy) for photophysical studies.
  • Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations.
  • Metal ion binding studies.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of three (Pt-salphen)2 luminophores with varying rigid linkers (xanthene, dibenzofuran, biphenylene).
  • Structural analysis revealed contrasting syn and anti configurations and significant π-stacking interactions.
  • All complexes exhibited room-temperature luminescence attributed to mixed triplet excited states.
  • Enhanced intramolecular π-stacking in complexes 1 and 3 led to red-shifted emissions and lower quantum yields compared to complex 2.
  • Selective luminescence responses observed, particularly for Pb(2+), indicating potential as sensors.
  • Proposed a binding mechanism involving guest occupation of the O(salphen) cavity, perturbing π-π interactions and emission.

Conclusions:

  • The synthesized (Pt-salphen)2 complexes are effective luminescent materials with tunable photophysical properties.
  • Intramolecular π-stacking interactions play a crucial role in modulating emission characteristics.
  • The O(salphen) binding sites enable selective detection of metal ions, notably Pb(2+).
  • These findings highlight the potential of these molecular frameworks for applications in sensing and supramolecular chemistry.