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Related Concept Videos

Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria01:10

Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria

Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...
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Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization

Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
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The physical form of a substance changes by changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. For vaporization to occur, kinetic energy must be greater than the intermolecular forces that keep molecules bonded. The amount of energy needed to vaporize a quantity of liquid at a given pressure and a constant temperature is called the heat of vaporization. When...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Growing Protein Crystals with Distinct Dimensions Using Automated Crystallization Coupled with In Situ Dynamic Light Scattering
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Published on: August 14, 2018

An electrically assisted device for protein crystallization in a vapor-diffusion setup.

Edith Flores-Hernández1, Vivian Stojanoff, Roberto Arreguín-Espinosa

  • 1Departamento de Química de Biomacromoléculas, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 04510, México, DF, México.

Journal of Applied Crystallography
|May 18, 2013
PubMed
Summary

A novel device uses electric fields to improve protein crystallization, yielding larger lysozyme crystals and better diffraction patterns for synthetic proteins. This method enhances crystal nucleation and growth for scientific research.

Keywords:
electric field protein crystallizationvapor diffusion

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Protein Crystallization for X-ray Crystallography
09:27

Protein Crystallization for X-ray Crystallography

Published on: January 16, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Crystallography
  • Biophysics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Protein crystallization is crucial for structural determination.
  • Electric fields offer a novel approach to influence crystallization processes.
  • Current methods may have limitations in controlling nucleation and growth.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and implement a device for electric field-induced protein crystallization.
  • To investigate the effect of electric fields on protein crystal nucleation and growth.
  • To compare crystal quality for different proteins under electric field influence.

Main Methods:

  • Development of an easy-to-use device for electric field-induced crystallization.
  • Utilizing a vapor-diffusion configuration with an internal direct current electric field.
  • Investigating crystallization of lysozyme and 2TEL-lysozyme.

Main Results:

  • Lysozyme crystals grown on the cathode were larger than those on the anode or without an electric field.
  • 2TEL-lysozyme crystals showed improved X-ray diffraction patterns when grown with an electric current.
  • The device effectively controlled nucleation and favored crystal growth.

Conclusions:

  • Electric field application is a viable method to enhance protein crystallization.
  • The device offers improved control over crystal size and quality.
  • This technique shows promise for optimizing the crystallization of various proteins.