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Related Concept Videos

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor during the formation of osteoblast-related proteins, such as osteocalcin. Vitamin B12 plays a role...
Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis01:23

Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis

The skin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of vitamin D, a vital nutrient for various physiological processes in the body. Vitamin D is unique because it can be synthesized in the skin through a series of chemical reactions triggered by exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight.
The solar UV B rays (290-315 nm) are absorbed by the skin, and 7-dehydrocholesterol (provitamin D3) photolyzes it to previtamin D3, which undergoes a rapid transformation to vitamin D3(cholecalciferol).
Essential Minerals for Bone Health01:31

Essential Minerals for Bone Health

The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...
Connective Tissue Cell Types01:22

Connective Tissue Cell Types

Connective tissue develops from the mesoderm of a developing embryo and consists of cells, fibers, and ground substance: a gel-like material containing large complexes of carbohydrates and proteins. Connective tissue was first identified as a separate tissue family in the 18th century, and Johannes Peter Muller coined the term connective tissue.
Fat cells (adipocytes), smooth muscle cells (myoblasts), and bone cells (osteoblasts) are some connective tissue cell types. Some immune system cells...
Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Isolation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Alveolar Periosteum and Effects of Vitamin D on Osteogenic Activity of Periosteum-derived Cells
06:47

Isolation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Alveolar Periosteum and Effects of Vitamin D on Osteogenic Activity of Periosteum-derived Cells

Published on: May 4, 2018

Vitamin D: beyond bone.

Sylvia Christakos1, Martin Hewison, David G Gardner

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA.

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
|May 21, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vitamin D offers potential health benefits beyond bone health, impacting areas like cancer, immunity, and aging. Research explores the vitamin D receptor

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Last Updated: May 11, 2026

Isolation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Alveolar Periosteum and Effects of Vitamin D on Osteogenic Activity of Periosteum-derived Cells
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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology and Metabolism
  • Nutritional Science
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Rising rates of vitamin D deficiency and rickets highlight public health concerns.
  • Vitamin D's extraskeletal effects are increasingly recognized, extending beyond bone health.
  • The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is present in various non-skeletal tissues, suggesting broader biological roles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current research on vitamin D's extraskeletal functions.
  • To explore vitamin D's role in cancer, immunity, and chronic diseases.
  • To synthesize evidence on vitamin D's impact on diverse physiological processes.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of recent studies on vitamin D.
  • Analysis of research investigating vitamin D receptor expression and function.
  • Synthesis of findings related to vitamin D's effects across multiple organ systems.

Main Results:

  • Vitamin D plays a role in immune system regulation and autoimmune disease modulation.
  • Emerging evidence links vitamin D to cardiovascular health, respiratory function, and metabolic disorders like diabetes.
  • The vitamin D receptor's presence in cancer cells suggests potential anti-cancer effects.

Conclusions:

  • Vitamin D has significant extraskeletal implications for human health.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms and therapeutic potential of vitamin D in various diseases.
  • Optimizing vitamin D levels may offer protective benefits against a range of non-skeletal conditions.