Regeneration of human bone using different bone substitute biomaterials

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Regenerative Medicine
• Oral Surgery

Background:

• Bone substitute biomaterials (BSBs) are crucial for bone regeneration in procedures like sinus augmentation.
• Assessing the long-term clinical and biological performance of various BSBs is essential for improving patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the clinical and biological performance of 13 different bone substitute biomaterials (BSBs).
• To assess bone regeneration and structural density following sinus augmentation using innovative mathematical models.

Main Methods:

• Analysis of data from 295 patients undergoing sinus augmentation with 13 different BSBs.
• Utilized mathematical models to determine bone regenerative index (Br) and structural density index (Ds) at 6 months and several years post-procedure.
• Compared regenerated bone quality to native bone and evaluated biomaterial performance over time.

Main Results:

• Regenerated bone exhibited D3 bone type at 6 months, progressing to D2 over several years, indicating increased density.
• Combined biomaterials showed higher Br values, suggesting fewer residual particles and marrow spaces.
• Anorganic bovine bone demonstrated higher Ds values, indicating greater new bone formation and less marrow space.
• Hydroxyapatite resulted in D4 bone quality even after 20 years.

Conclusions:

• Regenerated bone at 6 months had a composite structure resembling poor D3 bone type, filling approximately one-third of the BSB space.
• No single evaluated bone substitute biomaterial demonstrated ideal performance for sinus augmentation.