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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Method for Recording Broadband High Resolution Emission Spectra of Laboratory Lightning Arcs

Method for Recording Broadband High Resolution Emission Spectra of Laboratory Lightning Arcs

Published on: August 27, 2019

Runaway breakdown and hydrometeors in lightning initiation.

A V Gurevich¹, A N Karashtin

¹PN Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia. alex@lpi.ru

Physical Review Letters

|May 21, 2013

Summary

Electric pulse discharges in thunderclouds are initiated by runaway breakdown of air in electric fields, driven by extensive atmospheric showers. This process synchronizes microdischarges, leading to charge reset and ion clusters crucial for lightning leader development.

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Area of Science:

Atmospheric physics
Electromagnetism
Cloud physics

Background:

Negative cloud-to-ground lightning initiation involves unique electric pulse discharges.
These pulses differ significantly from conventional streamers or leaders.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze the mechanism behind specific electric pulse discharges observed during lightning initiation.
To elucidate the role of runaway breakdown of air in electric fields initiated by extensive atmospheric showers (RB-EAS).

Main Methods:

Detailed analysis of electric pulse discharges in thunderclouds.
Investigating the influence of extensive atmospheric showers (RB-EAS) on air breakdown.
Examining microdischarge synchronization at hydrometeors.

Main Results:

Pulse shape is determined by runaway breakdown of air in thundercloud electric fields initiated by extensive atmospheric showers (RB-EAS).
High pulse electric current amplitude results from synchronized microdischarges at hydrometeors, triggered by RB-EAS-generated electrons.
Specific pulse discharges create ion clusters and a region of high fractal ion conductivity.

Conclusions:

Charge reset from hydrometeors to free ions and formation of ion clusters are key outcomes.
The developed region of high fractal ion conductivity significantly influences charge transport.
Ion charge transport is critical for preconditioning the lightning leader.