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Cathodic oxygen consumption and electrically induced osteogenesis.

C T Brighton, S Adler, J Black

    Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research
    |January 1, 1975
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Low electrical currents (10-20 microamps) stimulate bone growth by decreasing oxygen and increasing pH at the cathode. Higher currents (100 microamps) are toxic, causing significant pH increase but not lowering oxygen levels.

    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Skeletal Biology
    • Electrochemistry

    Background:

    • Electric currents are known to stimulate bone formation.
    • Understanding the electrochemical changes at the cathode is crucial for optimizing electro-osteogenesis.
    • Previous studies suggest a link between electrical stimulation and cellular responses.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare cathode electrochemical changes at osteogenic (10-20 microamps) versus toxic (100 microamps) current levels.
    • To investigate the roles of oxygen and hydroxyl ion concentration in electrically induced bone formation.
    • To elucidate the in vitro mechanisms underlying electro-osteogenesis.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized an oxygen consumption chamber with an oxygen electrode and stainless steel electrodes.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Applied constant current levels (10-20 microamps and 100 microamps) to simulate in vivo conditions.
  • Measured oxygen consumption and hydroxyl ion concentration at the cathode.

    • Main Results:

    • At 10-20 microamps, cathodic oxygen consumption lowered oxygen tension and moderately increased pH.
    • At 100 microamps, oxygen consumption decreased, and hydrogen evolution occurred, with a dramatic pH increase.
    • Hydroxyl ion production was directly proportional to the applied current.

    Conclusions:

    • Lowering local oxygen tension and increasing local pH at 10-20 microamps may promote bone formation.
    • The significant pH increase at 100 microamps, without oxygen reduction, might contribute to toxicity.
    • These in vitro findings suggest potential in vivo mechanisms for electrically induced bone formation.