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Related Concept Videos

RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Single-cell Gene Expression Using Multiplex RT-qPCR to Characterize Heterogeneity of Rare Lymphoid Populations
10:23

Single-cell Gene Expression Using Multiplex RT-qPCR to Characterize Heterogeneity of Rare Lymphoid Populations

Published on: January 19, 2017

Single-cell transcriptomics reveals bimodality in expression and splicing in immune cells.

Alex K Shalek1, Rahul Satija, Xian Adiconis

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.

Nature
|May 21, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Individual cells show significant gene expression differences. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals extensive bimodal variation in immune gene expression and splicing patterns in mouse dendritic cells.

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A Combinatorial Single-cell Approach to Characterize the Molecular and Immunophenotypic Heterogeneity of Human Stem and Progenitor Populations
09:34

A Combinatorial Single-cell Approach to Characterize the Molecular and Immunophenotypic Heterogeneity of Human Stem and Progenitor Populations

Published on: October 25, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 11, 2026

Single-cell Gene Expression Using Multiplex RT-qPCR to Characterize Heterogeneity of Rare Lymphoid Populations
10:23

Single-cell Gene Expression Using Multiplex RT-qPCR to Characterize Heterogeneity of Rare Lymphoid Populations

Published on: January 19, 2017

A Combinatorial Single-cell Approach to Characterize the Molecular and Immunophenotypic Heterogeneity of Human Stem and Progenitor Populations
09:34

A Combinatorial Single-cell Approach to Characterize the Molecular and Immunophenotypic Heterogeneity of Human Stem and Progenitor Populations

Published on: October 25, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Genomics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Individual cells within a population exhibit significant molecular and functional diversity.
  • Previous studies were limited by the inability to simultaneously measure multiple molecules in single cells.
  • Genomic profiling methods are now available for single-cell analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate cellular heterogeneity in mouse bone-marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) using single-cell RNA sequencing.
  • To identify previously unobserved variations in gene expression and splicing patterns.
  • To understand the regulatory circuits underlying cellular diversity.

Main Methods:

  • Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of mouse bone-marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs).
  • RNA-fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for validation of select transcripts.
  • Analysis of gene expression and splicing patterns across individual cells.
  • Utilizing knockout mouse models to investigate regulatory circuits.

Main Results:

  • Extensive, previously unobserved bimodal variation in messenger RNA abundance and splicing patterns was identified.
  • Hundreds of key immune genes exhibited bimodal expression, even highly expressed genes.
  • Splicing patterns revealed significant heterogeneity between individual cells.
  • A module of 137 co-regulated antiviral response genes was identified.
  • Variability in this module was linked to an interferon feedback circuit involving Stat2 and Irf7.

Conclusions:

  • Single-cell genomics powerfully reveals functional diversity and uncovers cell states and circuits.
  • Bimodal gene expression and splicing contribute to cellular heterogeneity in BMDCs.
  • Interferon feedback circuits play a role in propagating gene expression variability.